The most beautiful robots of the director Leonard Bernstein. Bernstein Leonard: biography, special life, family, musical works
Leonard Bernstein is an American director, composer and pianist, renowned for his works in the classical and popular styles, expressive behavior on stage and the pedagogical gift that emerged from the cycle of “Youth Concerts”. He was the first diregent who gave birth to the United States and who took away the world's knowledge. He performed with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and wrote a variety of compositions, including the opera “Candide” (1956), the musicals “West Side Story” (1952) and “Wildness to the Place” (1944), as well as music and films.
Leonard Bernstein was one of the first musicians to understand the role of television in the musical awareness of the masses and to work with some of the Gospels. The music and dedication of young directors at the Tanglewood Music Center lost its passion until his death in 1990.
Commenting on musical poetics and tone in his Harvard lectures, given in 1973, he stated that regardless of how consistently stochastic music is otherwise intellectualized, it and can now be classified as poetry, the fragments of which are rooted in the earth, and The significant difference between new ideas may depend on the suitability and bias of the individual creative voice.
short biography
Leonard Bernstein was born on August 25, 1918. from Lawrence (Massachusetts, USA), from a family of Jews who emigrated from Rivne (Ukraine). Apparently his grandmothers named him Lui, but his fathers’ name was more appropriate Leonard. At 15 years old, they recognized him as an official. My dad Sam Bernstein was a businessman and initially spoke out against the boy’s obsession with music. Popry's dads often took Yogo to concerts.
Leonard felt the piano playing at an early age and immediately became engrossed in the instrument. The gratification began when Aunt Clara gave her piano to her family, who were waiting after the separation. Leonard started at the Harrison and Boston schools. When his father heard about piano lessons, he decided to pay for them, and Bernstein took up tutoring to continue his studies.
College
After graduating from Boston High School in 1935, Bernstein went on to Harvard, studied music with Walter Piston, and took part in the choir. After completing the beginning, he entered the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where he took away the single badge of Fritz Reiner, which contributed to the direction. I also started playing the piano in Isabella Vengerova and Heinrich Gebhard.
Curry cob
Bernstein was highly regarded as a dirigent. Having given a number of concerts, the world's leading orchestras took part in them, including 3 symphonies, 2 operas, 5 musicals and many other works. However, he is best known as the author of the music for "West Side Stories". Leonard Bernstein was also a pianist, teacher, and music director of the New York Philharmonic.
In 1940 Having started at the summer Telwood Music Center with the director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Sergius Koussevitzky, and after graduation becoming his assistant. Later, he dedicated his 2nd symphony “A Hundred of Troubles” to him.
Unsatisfactory success
At leaf fall 1943 Bernstein, who had recently been appointed assistant director of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra Bruno Walter, due to his remaining illness was reluctant to make his debut on the great stage. Having achieved great success, we immediately realized why the concert was broadcast on national radio. The soloist on that historic day was Joseph Schuster, cellist of the New York Philharmonic, who performed Richard Strauss's Don Quixote.
The success will be astonishing, since Leonard Bernstein had never conducted this musical work before - before the concert, Bruno Walter was able to show him a small fragment. This miraculous story can be recorded almost today by recording the CBS radio broadcast, released on CD.
Internationally recognized
After the war, Bernstein conducted the New York Symphony Orchestra (with Leopold Stokowski), and from that moment his career began to develop on the international stage. 1949 r. he conducted the light premiere of Olive Mesiana's "Turangalila Symphony" during the hour of light.
When Sergius Koussevitzky died in 1951, Bernstein became the director of the orchestral and directing department of the Tanglewood Music Center, devoting his life to fate in 1990.
Born in 1951 he conducted the Boston Symphony Orchestra during the light premiere of Charles Ives's 2nd Symphony. The composer must be old and German to be present at the concert, hearing it broadcast on the radio. During the war, we will be immersed in the symphony written between 1897 and 1901. And it has never been wrapped before. Throughout his career, Bernstein did a great deal to popularize the music of this unique American composer.
Programs for young people
Leonard Bernstein was appointed music director of the New York Philharmonic in 1957. and covering this planting until 1969. A series of 50 television concerts for young people, organized by CBS, which became a continuation of Omnibus's programs, gained popularity in the United States.
The premiere took place just a few years after he became the head director of the New York Philharmonic. I became a celebrity not because of my talent, but because of my educational work, which I spent at these concerts. Some of these musical lectures were released in audio recordings, and some of them were awarded the Grammy Awards. This entire series of concerts for young people is devoid of any program about classical music that has ever been shown on a commercial television station. The programs were broadcast from 1958 to 1972. And currently available in DVD format.
Foreign trips
Born in 1947 Bernstein first visited Tel Aviv and from that hour continued to maintain connections with the people of Israel. Born in 1957 I held a concert there at the inauguration and recorded a lot over the year. Born in 1967 Bernstein performing on Mount Scopus to commemorate the rebirth of Jerusalem.
In 1959, the family performed with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra on a tour of Europe and the Radian Union. Some of the concerts were recorded by CBS. The highlight of the tour was Bernstein's performance of Shostakovich's 5th symphony in the presence of the composer who brought the director and musicians to the stage. After returning to the United States, this symphony was recorded by Columbia Records at Boston's Symphony Hall.
In 1960 The director began the first new recordings of all nine completed symphonies of Gustav Mahler, with the support of the composer's widow Almi. The success of these recordings along with Leonard Bernstein's concerts significantly revived the interest in Mahler, who attended the New York Philharmonic from 1904 to 1907.
Work at Vidnya
Born in 1966 Bernstein made his debut at the Widen Opera, conducting Verdi's Falstaff (staged by Lucino Visconti with Dietrich Fischer-Descau in the role of Falstaff).
In 1970 He turned to take part in Otto Schenck’s production of Beethoven’s Fidelio. Born in 1986 Bernstein conducted the opera “A Quiet Place” here. Bernstein's remaining farewell to the State Opera became like 1989's fate. After the performance of “Khovanshchina” by Modest Mussorgsky, he reluctantly walked onto the stage and embraced director Claudio Abbado in front of a silent, if not applauding, audience.
Starting from 1970. Bernstein performed with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, whereby he re-recorded a large number of works previously performed by him at the New York Philharmonic, including the new symphonies of Beethoven, Mahler, Brahms and Schumann.
Same for 1970. having written and voiced the voice-over text taken from the Vienna 90s program, which included the Videnska Philharmonic and artists such as Placido Domingo (his first television appearance as one of the soloists and in Beethoven's 9th Symphony). The program premiered in 1970. on Austrian and British television, and then broadcast on the CBS channel before Christmas Day 1971.
This bula is dedicated to Beethoven's 200-year-old holy day. The show was widely attended by rehearsals and performances of “Fidelio” by Otto Schenk. For now, I’ll call the program “Beethoven’s National Day: Holy Day at Vidnya.” She played “Emmy” and was broadcast more than once to American TV channels. The recording was preserved on CBS until it appeared shortly after Bernstein's death under the new title Bernstein on Beethoven: The Celebration in Vienna. Recording of non-gay releases on video cassettes, and 2005 rock - on DVD.
Lectures at Harvard
In 1973, Bernstein asked to take the position of Charles Eliot Norton at his alma mater, Harvard University. Here he read six lectures about music. Leonard Bernstein, who took the title from the work of Charles Ive, called the series “Unfortunate Nutrition.” To analyze the evolution of musical constructions, I will use terminology from modern linguistics (first of all, Noam Chomsky). The lectures are preserved in book format and on DVD.
Away from the divergent robot
Born in 1978 Otto Schenk's production of Fidelio, directed by Bernstein (along with another actor), was produced by Unitel. Similar to the Beethoven show, it was shown on A&E after his death and then released on videocassette.
Born in 1979 Bernstein has previously conducted the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in two beneficial concerts. Mahler's Symphony No. 9 was broadcast on radio and then released on CD. In 1980, Leonard Bernstein gave an award to the Kennedy Center.
In the 1980s, he was the director and commentator of a series of programs on the PBS channel about the music of Beethoven, in which the Videnska Philharmonic played all 9 of his symphonies, including his overture to the Holy Land. The program also featured actor Maximilian Schell, who reads Beethoven’s pages.
The remaining fates of life
At Rizdvo 1989 Bernstein conducted Beethoven's 9th Symphony in Berlin as part of the commemoration of the fall of the Berlin Wall. The concert was broadcast live in 20 countries to 100 million people.
Leonard Bernstein died 5 days after the announcement about his retirement. Its final performance took place at Tanglewood on September 19, 1990, when the Boston Symphony featured Benjamin Britten's 4th Interlude and Beethoven's 7th Symphony.
Bernstein worshiped in the New York City of Green-Wood with a number of his retinue.
Political activity
Bernstein suffered his fate from the leftist forces since the 1940s. In the early 1950s, he was blacklisted by the State Department and the CBS channel, but it didn’t hit his career.
Leonard Bernstein's active spiritual life included participation in the cultural revolution of the late 1960s. We grew angry when we realized that all music, apart from popular music, is old-fashioned. His political activity also attracted criticism. When his squad spent the 1970s collecting money for the benefit of the extremist African-American group Black Panthers, Bernstein was accused of anti-Semitism. Publications in the press caused serious damage to his reputation. He also spoke out against the war in Vietnam. The FBI began to investigate his activities.
Authority among musicians
Bernstein, as a director, was highly valued by many musicians, including members of the Widen Philharmonic Orchestra (he was an honorary member), the London Symphony Orchestra (he was elected director laureate) and the Israeli Philharmonic ( from whomever we are permanently requested by the director). Particularly thorough are the works of Mahler, Copland, Brahms, Shostakovich, Gershwin (“Rhapsody in Blue” and “An American in Paris”) and, especially, their rulers.
Posts
From the 1950s to the 1980s, Bernstein worked extensively in recording studios. In addition to several early recordings for RCA Victor, he worked extensively with Columbia, especially during his time as music director of the New York Philharmonic. There have been a lot of digital releases and Sony re-releases as part of the “Bernstein Centenary” series. When Columbia lost interest in recording American classical music, the director signed an exclusive contract with the German studio Deutsche Grammophon, which lasted until his death.
Special life
Leonard Bernstein became friends with actor Chile Felicia Montealegre at the spring of 1951. The whole thing was split up in order to develop sensitively and advance the chances of being confirmed for a significant directorial position, while the remaining part of the orchestra was conservative. At the end of the day, Felicia called him an inappropriate homosexual. This was confirmed by the friends and girlfriends of the famous director and composer.
But the main period of upheaval in the biography of Leonard Bernstein began in 1976, when we believe that we can no longer capture our orientation. He left his squad for the music editor of a classical music radio station in San Francisco, Tom Cothren. The next day, Felicia was diagnosed with cancer of the lungs, and the man turned to her until she died on June 16, 1978. Vin often spoke about his fault.
Most biographies of Leonard Bernstein say that after his way of living, his way of life became less peaceful, and his particular behavior became rude. However, his large community and many close friends have lost their lives, and their work schedule has become stressful.
“I don’t want to spend my life like Tuscany, again and again with the same 50 works. I would die of boredom. I want to direct, I want to play the piano. I want to write for Hollywood. I want to write symphonic music ku. I want to become a musician with a completely different word. I also want to contribute.
Leonard Bernstein.
American composer, known to the world as the author of the musical "West Side Story", the greatest director of the 20th century. (who is called one of the greatest advances of G. Karajan), a brilliant musical writer and lecturer, which will be understood by the widest number of listeners, pianist and teacher Leonard Bernstein ( Leonard Bernstein) born on September 25, 1918 in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the homeland of Jewish emigrants from Ukraine.
Becoming a musician was destined for Bernstein, and he stubbornly followed the path, unimportant in the interim, sometimes even more significant. When the boys were 11 years old, they started taking music lessons and within a month they had decided that they would be a musician. Ale daddy, who took music for nothing, didn’t pay for his lessons, and the boy started to earn pennies for his wedding.
At 17 years of age, Bernstein entered Harvard University, where he began to create music, play the piano, and listen to lectures on the history of music, philology and philosophy. Having graduated from the university in 1939, he continued his studies - now at the Curtis Musical Institute in Philadelphia (1939-41). Bernstein’s life was inspired by the greatest dirigent, a native of Russia, S. Koussevitzky. The internship under his internship at the Berkshire Music Center (Tanglewood) sparked a warm and friendly relationship between them. Bernstein became Koussevitzky's assistant, and even more so - assistant director of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (1943-44). Until then, despite the prospect of regular income, he lives on casual lessons, concert performances, and taproom work.
A happy fall accelerated the beginning of Bernstein's brilliant directorial career. Worldwide known B. Walter, who performed with the New York Orchestra, fell ill. The permanent director of the orchestra, A. Rodzinsky, was officiating (it was a week), and nothing was left to do but entrust the concert to an assistant. Having spent the entire night practicing complex scores, Bernstein appeared before the public the next day, without a single rehearsal. This was a triumph for the young director and a sensation in the musical world.
Now the largest concert halls in America and Europe opened before Bernstein. 1945 r. having replaced L. Stokowski as head director of the New York City Symphony Orchestra, conducting the orchestras of London, Vidnya, and Milan. Bernstein captivated the ears with his spontaneous temperament, romantic nakedness, and deep insight into music. The artistry of the musician truly knows no boundaries: with one of his fiery creations he conducted... “without hands”, guiding the orchestra with nothing but facial expressions and glances. More than 10 rocks (1958-69) Bernstein took over the position of head director of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, until he decided to give more time and energy to the creation of music.
Bernstein’s works began to wrap up almost overnight with his dirigent debut (the vocal cycle “I Hate Music”, the symphony “Jeremiah” on text from the Bible for voice and orchestra, the ballet “He Who Is Not to Love”). Among young people, Bernstein gives precedence to theatrical music. Vin is the author of the opera “Hvilyuvannya na Taiti” (1952), two ballets; To achieve his greatest success, he has produced four musicals written for Broadway theatres. The premiere of the first of them (“At the Place”) took place in 1944, and many of its issues immediately increased the popularity of “action films.” The genre of Bernstein's musical is similar to the very roots of American musical culture: cowboy and black songs, Mexican dances, edgy rhythms of jazz. In “The Miraculous Place” (1952), which lasted for one season over thousands of episodes, one can feel the reliance on souling – the style of jazz of the 30s. Alas, the musical is not much more impressive than the show. In “Candide” (1956), the composer returned to Voltaire’s plot, and “West Side Story” (1957) is nothing less than the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet, transferred to America with its racial tensions. With its drama, this musical is close to opera.
Bernstein writes sacred music for choir and orchestra (oratorio Kaddish, Chichester Psalms), symphonies (Friend, Century of Troubles - 1949; Third, dedicated to the 75th Boston Orchestra - 1957), Serenade for string orchestra and strikes 1954, series zastil them toasts, what praise love), music to films.
Since 1951, when Koussevitzky died, Bernstein took a class with Tanglewood and began to study at the University of Welham (Massachusetts) and lecture at Harvard. Beyond that, the television audience of Bernstein, a teacher and educator, exceeded the boundaries of any university. Both in lectures and in his books “The Joy of Music” (1959) and “The Infinite Varieties of Music” (1966), Bernstein tried to infect people with his love for music, with an additional interest in it.
1971 b. until timely release to the Mystery Center im. J. Kennedy in Washington, Bernstein creates a Mesa, which the great, super-sensible critics cried out. Many of them combined traditional religious songs with elements of effective Broadway shows (Viconna Mesa took on the role of a dancer), songs from the style of jazz and rock music. Anyway, here the breadth of Bernstein’s musical interests was revealed, whose omnipresence and universality correspond to dogmatism. Bernstein visited the SRSR more than once. At the end of the tour, 1988. (before its 70th anniversary) he conducted the International Orchestra of the Schleswig-Holstein Music Festival (FRN), which consists of young musicians. “For me, it’s important to be fervent to those young and to sing with her,” said the composer. - “This is one of the most important issues in our life, because the youth are our future.
K. Zenkin
The modern world has no shortage of Bernstein's talents - composer, pianist, lecturer - but it can still be said with pride that his fame owes us first to the ancient directorial mystique. Both Americans and music lovers in Europe used to call on Bernstein - the diregent. This happened in the mid-forties, since Bernstein was not yet thirty years old, and his artistic experience was worthless. Leonard Bernstein completed various and basic professional training. At Harvard University, he learned composition and play on the piano.
The famous Curtis Institute's teachers were R. Thompson with orchestration and F. Reiner with direction. In addition to this, I studied under the supervision of S. Koussevitzky - at the Berkshire Summer School in Tanglewood. Suddenly, in order to earn money for a living, Lenny, as his friends and pranksters still call him, hired himself as a pianist from a choreographic corpse. It’s not a matter of course, but instead of the traditional ballet accompaniment, the dancers will engage in the music of Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Copland and powerful improvisation.
In 1943, Bernstein became an assistant to B. Walter in the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Suddenly he had the opportunity to replace his sick sergeant, and from that moment he began to perform with increasing success. For example, 1E45 Bernstein was already a member of the Moscow Symphony Orchestra of New York.
Bernstein's European debut took place after the end of the war - at the "Praz Spring" of 1946, where his concerts also brought him great respect. These days, listeners became acquainted with Bernstein's first works. His symphony “Jeremiah” was recognized by critics as the greatest work of 1945 rock in the United States. The coming years are marked for Bernstein with hundreds of concerts, tours on different continents, premieres of new works and an uninterrupted increase in popularity. He was the first American director to take charge of La Scala in 1953, then he performed with the largest orchestras in Europe, and in 1958 he joined the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and A triumphant tour of Europe is planned with him. SRSR; Soon after, he will become the leading director of the Metropolitan Opera. Touring at the Widen State Opera, de Bernstein in 1966 created a sensation with his interpretation of Verdi’s “Falstaff”, and further consolidated the artist’s world-renowned reputation.
What are the reasons for your success? Anyone who wants to feel Bernstein at one time can easily relate to this. Bernstein is an artist of a spontaneous, volcanic temperament, who seduces the ears, disturbs the ears of the music, obscuring them, so to speak, if his interpretation may seem unusual or controversial to you. The orchestra under its ceremonial music plays freely, unaffectedly and, at the same time, extremely intensely - everything that is heard seems to be improvised. The hands of the director are extremely expressive, temperamental, and yet at the same time absolutely accurate - it seems like something to stand for, whose hands and facial expressions will vibrate the music that is heard before your eyes. One of the musicians, who visited the performance of “Falstaff” under Bernstein’s performances, knew that already ten weeks after the start, he stopped marveling at the stage and did not take his eyes off the director, - so again and precisely he returned to Omu the whole place is clear. Of course, this is a non-streaming expression, whose partiality is not uncontrollable - it only achieves its goal, which introduces a depth of intelligence that allows the directive to penetrate into the composer’s idea, conveying it to the utmost This is true, with the high power of experience.
Bernstein saves these treasures even in these episodes, when he performs at the same time as the conductor and pianist, the final concerts of Beethoven, Mozart, Bach, and Gershwin’s “Rhapsody of the Dark.” Bernstein's repertoire is magnificent. The exhibits at the planting of the pottery plant of the New York Philharmonic show almost all classical and modern music, from Bach to Mahler and R. Strauss, Stravinsky and Schoenberg.
Among his recordings are perhaps all the symphonies of Beethoven, Schumann, Mahler, Brahms, and dozens of other great works. It is important to name such a brand of American music, like Vikon Bernstein and his orchestra: stretching back many rocky years, call it, turning on one American brand in your own program. Bernstein is a marvelous interpreter of Radian music, especially the symphonies of Shostakovich, whom the dirigent respects as “the remaining great symphonist.”
Bernstein's work as a composer spans many different genres. Among them are three symphonies, operas, musical comedies, and the musical “West Side Story,” which are on stages all over the world. The rest of the time, Bernstein spent more than an hour composing the composition. As a result, in 1969, the family lost its pottery to the New York Philharmonic. Ale vin conveyed and continued to periodically interact with the team, which, in turn, gave Bernstein the title of “long-time director laureate of the New York Philharmonic.”
L. Grigor'ev, J. Platek
In 1971, Bernstein submitted a request to Harvard to appoint a professor of poetry named Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry. Among the participants in this program were writers, historians of fiction, and musicians, such as Igor Stravinsky and Aaron Copland. Bernstein prepared a series of six lectures for Harvard entitled “The Unanswered Question.” Newly, a highly relevant interdisciplinary approach at that time, analyzing music through the prism of linguistics, aesthetics, philosophy and musical history. Over the course of his time at Harvard, Bernstein became the idol of students and students of “human rock.”
Leonard Bernstein also wrote a number of books that explored the diverse aspects of musical culture: The Joy of Music (1959), Young People's Concerts, The Infinite Variety of Music, 1966), “Nutrition without evidence” (The Unanswered Question, 1976) and “Discovery” (Findings, 1982).
1990 rock Leonard Bernstein buv zmusheny zalishiti diriguvannya for the camp of health. This is a difficult time for a human being, who has been called for the first time in respect. Five days after the scandal about the murder, Bernstein died. Pokhovany composer at the Green-Wood Cemetery near Brooklyn. Bernstein's children put into the trumpet their father's dirigente baton, the score of Mahler's Fifth Symphony, and the lucky pennies and the book "Alice in Wonderland."
Svitlana Butovska
Biography
Louis Bernstein was born on September 25, 1918 in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in the Jewish homeland, having come from Rivne (Ukraine): mother Jenny (née Reznik), father Samuel Joseph Bernstein, wholesaler of Perukar goods (for mi books) store ). Grandma asked that the child be named Lui, and that the fathers would always call him Leonard. He officially changed his name to Leonard at fifteen years of age, not after the death of his grandmother. To his friends and rich others, he would simply be “Lenny.”
Father initially opposed the interest of young Leonard to music. Regardless of this, the elder Bernstein took the boy to concerts with the orchestra and, finally, encouraged his musical awareness. In his youth, Bernstein became a pianist.
Bernstein began his piano lessons with his brothers in childhood and began at the Garrison and Boston Latin schools. Having studied composition at Harvard University with Walter Piston, Edward Burlingame-Hill, A. Tillman Merritt, among others. Even before graduating from university in 1939, Bernstein made his unofficial directorial debut with his heavy music before The Birds, as well as directing and directing Marc Blitzstein's The Cradle Will Rock. Later started with Fritz Reiner (conducting), Randall Thompson (English)Russian(orchestration), Richard Stehr (counterpoint) and Isabella Vengerova (piano);
1940 Leonard Bernstein joined the institute of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Tanglewood, under the direction of Sergius Koussevitzky. Bernstein later became assistant director of Koussevitzky.
Assistant conductor (1943-1944), conductor (1957-1958), chief conductor (1958-1969) of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (as the successor of Bruno Walter) and the Master Orchestra "New York194"
In 1971, he was inducted into the National Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Died of a heart attack on June 14, 1990. Pokhovayas on the Green-Wood Center in New York in a row with a squad and a copy of Mahler's Symphony No. 5 for the heart.
Repertoire and recordings
The premiere of the symphony “Turangalili” by Olive Mesiana (not recorded).
Bernstein recorded two subsequent cycles of Beethoven's symphonies (for Sony and Deutsche Grammophon), taking part in the recording of a cycle of Beethoven's piano concertos with Christian Zimmerman. Bernstein is the only director of two recordings of Gustav Mahler's complete cycle of symphonies (also for Sony and Deutsche Grammophon). Having also recorded the latest cycle of symphonies by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, numerous works of American composers include the works of Carl Nielsen and Darius Millau. From the music of the pre-Beethoven hour one can see recordings of the works of Joseph Haydn. In the spring of 1962, the Piano Concerto No. 1 by Brahms and pianist Glenn Gould were concluded.
Create
Opera
- "Trouble in Tahiti"; 1952, Waltham)
- "Quiet place" ("A Quiet Place"; 1986, Viden)
Opereti
- "Candide" (1956, New York)
Musicals
- On the Town (1943)
- Wonderful Town (1953)
- Candide (1954)
- West Side Story (1957)
- 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, 1976
Symphonies
- No. 1 - Jeremiah (1942)
- No. 2 - The Age of Anxiety, 1949
- No. 3 - Kaddish (Kaddiss, 1963)
otherwise
- Music before the ballet “Fancy Free”
- “Chichester Psalms” for choir and orchestra (Chichester Psalms, 1965)
- Mesa (1971)
- Prelude, Fugue and Rifi for clarinet and jazz ensemble
- The play "Peter Pan" (Peter Pan, 1950)
Viznannia
Following the results of an experiment conducted at November 2010 by a British magazine about classical music BBC Music Magazine among one hundred directors from different countries, among such musicians as Colin Davis (Great Britain), Valery Gergiev (Russia), Gustavo Dudamel (Venezuela), Maris Jansons (Latvia), Leonard Bernstein in another place a list of the twenty most prominent diregents of today . Introductions to Zali, thanks to Gramophone magazine.
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Notes
Literature
- Bernstein L. Music - all. - M., 1978.
- "Leonard Bernstein. Lighter crossbar for piano (guitar)/Leonard Bernstein. Facilitated arrangement for piano (guitar)". View. Composer - St. Petersburg, 2012, 14 p., edition 300, ISBN 979-0-66004-384-4, Myaka cover
- “The creator is at the dirigent console. Leonard Bernstein." Olena Mishchenko, Oleksandr Steinberg. Type IP Strelbitsky. (Digital book)
Posilannya
- (English) on the Allmusic website
- - article from the encyclopedia “Krugosvit”
- Zakharova O. A. // Electronic encyclopedia “The World of Shakespeare”.
- (Russian)
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The lesson that characterizes Bernstein, Leonard
Passing the buffet, she ordered a samovar to be served, although it wasn’t even an hour.The barman Foka is the most hearty person in this little booth. Natalya loved to try her power over him. You didn’t believe her and just ask, what’s wrong?
- Already this lady! - Foka said, frowning deeply at Natasha.
No one in the closet has dissed so many people and given them so many jobs like Natasha. She couldn’t even kill people without sending them to hell. She tried not to get angry, not to rely on her for any of them, and people didn’t like to beat up any punishments as much as Natalkin. “What should I earn? Where should I go? Natalka thought as she walked along the corridor.
- Nastasya Ivanivno, what will happen to me? - She was fed by the temptation that her kutsaveytsya had in her ear.
- You see fleas, grandmothers, farriers, - the blazing glow.
- My God, my God, all the same. Oh, where should I go? What can I earn from myself? - And there Shvidko, clapping his feet, ran off to Vogel, who lives with his squad in the upper world. Two governesses were sitting at Vogel’s, and on the table there were plates of rodzinki, hairy and almond peas. The governesses talked about how cheap it was to live in Moscow and Odessa. Natalka sat down, listened to her serious, thoughtful expression, and stood up. “The island of Madagascar,” she said. “Ma da gas kar,” she repeated with a clear skin tone and did not respond to m me Schoss’s question about those who seemed to have left the room. Petya, her brother, was already up there: together with his uncle, he was in charge of the fireworks that we were going to set off at night. - Petre! Petko! - The youmu screamed, - take me down. - Petya ran up to her and put his back forward. She flocked to him, wrapped her arms around his neck, and ran after her, catching up. “No need - the island of Madagascar,” she said and, jumping out of it, she went down.
Having finished with her kingdom, having tested her power, and having decided that everything was quiet, but it was boring, Natasha went into the hall, took the guitar, sat down in the dark room behind the cabinet and began to pluck the strings in the bass, vibrating the phrase, like the smell 'yatala z some operas from Petersburg together with Prince Andrey. For outside listeners, her guitar produced quite a lot of sense, but through its sounds, it revived a whole series of ideas. She sat behind the cupboard, marveling at the light that fell from the pantry doors, listened to herself and wondered. She was at the camp at the wrong time.
Sonya walked through the hall to the buffet with a glass. Natalka looked at her, at the gap in the pantry doors, and it seemed to her that she could guess that light was falling from the pantry doors near the gap and that Sonya passed with a glass. “It was exactly the same,” thought Natalya. - Sonya, what is it? - Natalka shouted, fingering the high string.
- Oh, you’re here! - Sonya said, trembling, she came up and listened. - Don't know. Storm? - she said timidly, afraid to show mercy.
“Well, the axis itself trembled, then it just walked away and smiled timidly when it was already happening,” thought Natalka, “and just like that... I thought there was something wrong with it.”
- No, it’s not the same as the Water-bearer, I hear it! - And Natalya sang the tune to the choir in order to make Sonya understand him.
-Where did you go? - Natalka asked.
- Change the water in the bowl. I'm painting a little one right now.
“You’re always busy, but I don’t care,” said Natalka. - And Mikola?
- Sleep, quit.
“Sonya, go wake him up,” Natalka said. - Tell me that I am calling you to sleep. - Vaughn sat and thought about what that meant, what everything was, and, not having thought about the food and nutrition that was not pitying about those, again in her mind she was transported to that hour when she was with him at the same time, and with her eyes closed . marveling at her.
“Oh, I wish I had arrived. I'm so afraid that something won't happen! And to the point: I’m getting old, okay! There will no longer be what is now in me. Or maybe I’ll come at once, I’ll come at once. Perhaps, having arrived, sit there at the hospital. Perhaps, having arrived earlier this morning, I forgot.” Vaughn got up, put down the guitar and went to the hospital. All the household, teachers, governesses and guests were already sitting at the tea table. People stood at the table, but Prince Andrey was not there, and life was still going on.
“Ah, there you go,” said Ilya Andriyovich, after telling Natasha that she had left. - Well, sit before me. - Ale Natalka muttered to her mother, looking around, wondering what she was doing.
- Mother! - Vaughn said. “Give me yogo, give me, mom, swidshe, swedshe,” and again she began to cry out.
She sat down at the table and listened to the words of the elders and Mikoli, who also came to the table. “My God, my God, the same denunciations, the same prayers, just like that, you’re washing the cup and you’re doing the same!” thought Natalya, with apprehension knowing that she had fought in her against everyone at home for those who stank.
After tea, Mikola, Sonya and Natasha went to the sofa, with their lovers, where their most sincere discussions began.
“It’s with you,” Natasha said to her brothers, as they sat by the sofa, “it’s with you that it seems to you that there will be nothing - nothing; What's all that's good? And not the ones that are boring, but the ones that are dull?
- Damn it! - Vin said. “It happened to me that everything was good, everything was cheerful, but I fell into the thought that everything had come to a head and that everyone needed to die. Once I didn’t go to the police for a party, and there was music playing... and so I became tired of rapping...
- Oh, I don’t know. I know, I know,” Natalka sighed. - I was still little, so it happened to me. You remember when I was punished for plums and everyone danced, and I sat in the classroom and cried, I will never forget: it was a shame for me and a shame for everyone, for myself, and for everyone. And, smut, it’s not my fault,” said Natasha, “do you remember?”
“I remember,” said Mikola. - I remember that I came to you later and I wanted to reassure you and, you know, it was a shame. We were greedy and funny. I already had a toy bodur and I want to give it to you. Do you remember?
“And you remember,” Natasha said with a thoughtful smile, how long, long ago, when we were little, our uncle called us to the office, back in the old hut, and it was dark – we came and stood there together...
“Arap,” Mikola finished with a joyful smile, “how can we not remember?” Now I don’t know what it is, what we have dreamed about, what we have been told.
– He has a gray face, you remember, and white teeth – you should stand and marvel at us...
- Do you remember, Sonya? - Having asked Mikola...
“Yes, that’s how I remember it now,” Sonya sadly confirmed.
“I had this blackamoor in my dad and mom,” said Natalka. - The stink seems like there was no greedy blackamoor. And you remember the axis!
- How, how can I remember my teeth now?
- It’s so wonderful, I never dreamed about it. I love it.
- Do you remember how we rolled eggs in the hall and the two women started spinning around the rim? What was it? Do you remember how good it was?
- So. And you remember how the blue fur coat shot out of the towel. - The smells went through laughing from a bitter feeling, not a crazy old man, but a poetic youthful feeling, from hostility from the past, from a dream to being angry from action, and they laughed quietly, happily choking.
Sonya, as before, stood up before them, wanting them to sleep.
Sonya didn’t remember much of what the stinks were guessing, and those who did remember didn’t awaken in her the poetic sense that the stinks were guessing. She was just drinking her joy, trying to get under her.
Vaughn took the fate of the one who guessed Sonya’s first arrival. Sonya confessed that she was afraid of Mikoly, because he had strings on his jacket, and her nanny told her to sew the strings into them.
“And I remember: they told me that you were born under the cabbage,” said Natalka, “and I remember that I didn’t dare not believe it, but I knew that it was not so, and so I was not like that.”
During the hour, the head of the couch poked out from the back doors of the sofa. “Pannochka, they brought it,” the girl said whisperingly.
“No need, Paul, tell him to bring it,” said Natalka.
In the middle of the roses that were in the sofa, Dimmler walked up to the room and walked up to the harp that stood in the closet. Having removed the cloth, the harp produced a false sound.
The achievements of Leonard Bernstein can be overestimated for a long time; During his lifetime, he performed miraculous concerts and wrote countless miraculous works. One of Leonard's perhaps most important achievements was his 10-year tenure as music director of the New York Philharmonic.
Leonard Bernstein is an American composer, conductor, writer and pianist. Becoming one of the first directors of the American campaign and illuminating how they gained international fame; According to certain data, he was one of the most talented and most successful musicians in the history of the region.
Leonard was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the homeland of Ukrainian Jews Jennie Resnick and Samuel Joseph Bernstein. Film composer Elmer Bernstein was not related to Leonard, although the two of them happened to be friends, but the stench was very similar; In the musical world they were nicknamed the Last and Last Bernsteins. Bernstein was popularly called Louis, after his grandmother; The fathers, however, always called their son Leonard, and he himself clearly respected his name - after the death of his grandmother, they remembered him officially.
Leonard fell in love with music from an early age; Dad didn’t praise his son’s burying, he still took him to the concert,
It was a good time to pay for the music. After finishing school, Bernstein went to Harvard, where he studied music for an hour; The greatest influence, however, is the cultural exponent of aesthetics David Prall, from whom Leonard took over his interest in an interdisciplinary approach. Having received his bachelor's degree with a certificate, Leonard went to the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia; Here the new experience brought me a lot less satisfaction, although I wanted something more beautiful than Bernstein Vinis and Zvidsi.
After graduating from the institute, Bernstein spent an hour living in New York; Together with his friend and colleague Adolph Green, he performed with the comedy troupe "The Revuers" in Greenwich Village. Social life Leonard is even more active; 100% of the time this period occurs in both men and women. In 1940, Bernstein began his studies at the Summer Institute of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, under the direction of the director.
Bernstein had the opportunity to make his debut as a director; On November 14, 1943, Leonard was informed that the principal was ill with the flu. Bernstein had the chance to replace him at the last moment, and without much rehearsal. Having returned to his tasks, Leonard miraculously - and instantly became a mirror; The concert, when Raptovo became a director, was broadcast on the national level, and The New York Times story was subsequently relegated to the editorial. Bernstein began to be asked to perform on the stage of great American orchestras.
From 1945 to 1947, Bernstein became music director of the New York Symphony Orchestra, which was founded just one year ago; The orchestra originated from the New York Philharmonic before targeting a wider public (and at an affordable price for tickets).
After Another World, people started talking about Bernstein internationally. In 1946, he went on tour to Europe, in 1947 - again
e performing at Tel Aviv. Fate later, I had the opportunity to perform in the open air for the army at Beersheba - my heart was empty at the hour of the Arab-Israeli war.
On June 10, 1951, Leonard became friends with the Chilean-American actress Felicia Cohn Montealegre. There were some rumors that after a lot of deliberation and to fill up the unstable containers of Leonard Pishov to boost his image, for the pleasure of his colleagues. There was a lot of talk about Bernstein's orientation; Regardless of everything, Leonard was at least bisexual. At least, the first fate of my love, however, turned out to be entirely positive - and later my friend had three children.
1951 Bernstein performed as conductor of the New York Philharmonic at the light premiere of "Symphony No. 2" by Charles Ives - written perhaps 50 years ago, but never finished. 1958 Leonard became music director of the entire orchestra; this planting has embraced right up to
1969 1959 Bernstein performed on tour in Europe and the USSR together with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra; The key moment of the tour was the performance of Shostakovich’s “Fifth Symphony” in the presence of the composer himself.
Successfully practice Bernstein after chewing and beyond; We did our best to bring to light the light of a number of little-known and unjustly forgotten composers. In 1966, Leonard made his debut on the stage of the Widen State Opera. Vidna Bernstein is still busy, having simultaneously decided to record an opera for Columbia Records and perform her first subscription concert.
His work with the New York Philharmonic prompted Leonard to give up his composing career, wanting to write a symphony in honor of the recently assassinated President Kennedy (John F. Kennedy). In order to de-escalate his busy schedule, Leonard decided to lose his position as a music director - and never had such a position for a year. Vistupati zorki
However, Bernstein lived until his death, periodically going on tour. Leonard had a good life with the Widen Philharmonic Orchestra - staging 9 completed symphonies of Gustav Mahler.
Bernstein's serious problems may have drawn attention to his political views - like many of his friends and colleagues, Bernstein has been actively involved in the organizations and movements of the leftist movement since the 40s. The US Department of State added Leonard to its blacklist, although he was not particularly featured in his career.
Having lost his managerial activities, Bernstein began to actively write music; During this period, he wrote "MASS: A Theater Piece for Singers, Players and Dancers", the soundtrack for the ballet "Dybbuk"; orchestral-vocal "Songfest" and musical "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue". The premiere of "MASS" was also intended as an anti-war action; whose unconventional and eclectic creativity took revenge on the songs of attacks on the Roman Catholics
I'm starting church.
1979 Leonard Bernstein became the conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra for the first time in his life.
Until the end of the 80s, Bernstein continued to write, direct, compose and create new music. Among the most famous works of this period, remember the opera Quiet Place. Bernstein's last appearance as director of the festival on September 19, 1990, with the Boston Symphony. Just before the end of the day, Leonard was attacked by a cough, which did not interrupt the concert; dirigent, the prote got away from himself. On the 9th of June 1990, Bernstein announced his departure from peace, and 5 days later he died of a heart attack. At the time of his death, Leonard was over 72 years old; Being caught up with the Kurt, until the age of 55, the composer was hesitant to go on the battle with emphysema. The little bits of his memoirs “Blue Ink” were preserved only in electronic form, and the document, if revealed with a stolen password, remains unbreakable and unreadable.
- (Bernstein) (1918-1990), American director, pianist and composer. Having conducted many orchestras, in 1958-1969 he was the head conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. The first century of rich works of current American composers, ... Encyclopedic dictionary
Bernstein Leonard (b. August 25, 1918, Lawrence, Massachusetts), American director, pianist and composer. Starting at Harvard University (1939), then at the Curtis Institute of Music (Philadelphia), graduating under the direction of S.
- (R. 25 VIII 1918, Lawrence, Massachusetts) Well, why isn’t there anything in the new dungeon? This is how you burn on the stage, this is how you give in to the music! I adore the orchestra. R. Celetti The activity of L. Bernstein strikes us ahead of its diversity: a talented composer, ... Music dictionary
- (Bernstein, Leonard) (1918-1990), American director, composer, educator. Born on September 25, 1918 in Lawrence (Massachusetts). Having graduated from Harvard University (1939) and the Curtis Institute of Music (1941), he graduated from the Director’s... Collier's Encyclopedia
Bernstein nickname: Bernstein, Leonard American composer, pianist and conductor. Bernstein, Charles American singer, writer, essayist. Div. Bernstein, Charles Elmer Bernstein, American composer and director, who wrote music before ... Wikipedia
Leonard Bernstein Leonard Bernstein Leonard Bernstein born 1971 Date of birth 25 September 1918 Place of birth Lawrence, Massachusetts Date of death ... Wikipedia
- (1918-90) American conductor, pianist and composer. Having conducted many orchestras, in 1958 he became the head conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. The first century of rich works of current American composers, incl. Great Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (Bernstein) Leonard (1918-90), American dirigent, composer. Conducting various symphony orchestras in New York (1943-69). A brilliant interpreter of the works of G. Mahler and contemporary composers. As the author of heavy music for stage music... Suchasna encyclopedia
- (Bernstein) Leonard (b. August 25, 1918, Lawrence, Massachusetts), American director, pianist and composer. Starting at Harvard University (1939), then at the Curtis Institute of Music (Philadelphia), graduating under the direction of S.A. Great Radyanska Encyclopedia
Books
- Great interviews with Rolling Stone magazine for 40 years, Jan Wenner, Joe Levi. From the first issue, Rolling Stone magazine was not just “another music magazine” - its creator Jan Wenner, a man, was crazy about rock and roll, but still focused on...
- Dialogues with Volodymyr Spivakov, Volkov Solomon. Volodymyr Spivakov is a renowned violinist and dirigentist, honored by the city. One of the most charismatic features of the current musical world. The great Davids were bursting with talent.
