The folding of the mosaic panel is the glory of the presentation. Presentation - technology of mosaic painting
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Mosaic (fr. mosaïque, ital. mosaico in lat. (opus) musivum - (tvir) devotions to the muses) - decorative and monumental art of different genres, create some kind of molding on the surface of the image for the help of the layout, set it fixed on the surface ( as a rule - on the flat) of different-colored stone, smalti, ceramic tiles and other materials.
Empress Theodora. Rivnenna
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Ancient Skhid History of Mosaic Sygaє 2nd floor. 4 thousand years before the sound. e. - hour, as a date for the dates of the palaces and temples of the Sumerian places of Mesopotamia: Uruk, Ura, Eridu. The image was molded from the ends of tsikh cones, like rozfarbovuvalis, call chervonim, black ta bіlim. Geometric motifs were victorious: rhombus, tricoutnik, zigzag. An early butt of the technique of incrustation, or by calling the mosaic technique opus sectile, which it took off in antiquity, has evolved into the technique of the Florentine mosaic, you can use an artifact, mentally titled “Shtandar00 z Ura. e.) Up to 8 Art. to the sound e. to cite early examples of the development of the mosaic technique from unfinished pebbles, which laid down one of the stages in the development of mosaic techniques and was unimportantly called by the Romans opus barbaricum. During the excavations, the pebble ornamentation of Altin-tepe (sh. Anatolia) and the palace in Arslan-tash (Assyria) was excavated;
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Antiquity The first antique mosaics made of uncut pebbles were found in Corinth and dated to the cinema. 5 st. to the sound e. All the contour images of people, creatures, mythological figures, decorated with geometrical and floral ornaments, vikonans sound white in black, stylistically close to black-figured vase painting. Similar zrazki 4 tbsp. to the sound e. also known in Olіnfі, Sikyoni, Eretria. Importion Krok to the realistic Bulo is vice versa in Pelly Mosa (4th century BC) ROZKVIT Antique Mosa of the Epo Hellinism, if the tech of the Kamіnziv ibita is accessible to the Kolorovy Viko. practically uncircumscribed colors. The most ancient monument, de bula vikoristana technique of pidkolka or tessellation, vvazhutsya mosaics of the Sicilian town of Morgantin (3rd century BC). In ancient Rome, mosaics laid the foundations and walls of villas, palaces and thermal baths. The Roman mosaic was made up of small cubes of an arc-shaped rock - smalti, a proteo of a boule of vicarious stone chimneys and pebbles. so the pieces were picked one to one along winding lines.
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Early Christians and Byzantium With a high rose of mosaic art, one can commemorate the era of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine mosaic becomes more thinned, the victorious stone module and delicate masonry become more important, the background of the image becomes more importantly golden. Ravenna Montreal
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Middle European Rococo Shells of sea mollusks began to become widespread as a material for mosaics. Such mosaics decorated the interiors. In Europe, during this period, there was a wide fashion for mosaics with beads. Beads were put in wax on paper, cardboard, crusted with patterns for cross-stitch embroidery. There are very few such robots saved. In Nіmechchinі with sim material in 1750-1770 pp. vanSelow's manufactory was working, and the secret of technology was spent there. They were decorated like flat details of furniture, for example, stylnitsa, and bulky objects: bottles, figurines of birds. Most of the productions of manufactory are bought at the museums of Nimechchin. Є one table of the manufacture of the factory in the Arkhangelsk Museum-Reserve.
Alexander on the 13th century mosaic, Santa Maria in Trastevere, Rome
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IslamMosaic was already widely celebrated for the decoration of the palaces of the rulers of the Skhod. The Palace of the Shek Khans is the most significant creation of the middle-class architecture of Azerbaijan. If there were no other ancient disputes for Azerbaijan, then it would be sufficient to show the whole world only the Palace of Shekin Khaniv. The palace, which at one time entered the complex of palace spores and served as the residence of the shekin khaniv, was a double-topped building. The façade of the palace is made up of double-sided frames with a set of shebekus - a different piece of slope. In the other half of the 18th century, in the Sheki Khanate, the art of painting reached a high level of development, inextricably linked with architecture and everyday life. All significant architectural disputes in Sheki were richly embellished with wall painting, which at that time was the most popular type of painting technique. For the sake of the painting from the palace of the shekish khaniv, the donins have saved themselves and have spent their artistic vibrancy. Wall paintings were associated with various themes: scenes of wild animals, battles, rosy and geometric ornaments, little ones, created behind the motifs of "Khamse" (P'yateritsa), the brilliant Azerbaijani poet Nizami Ganjavi, scenes from palace life, butovі zamalovki. e. Basically, such colors were stagnated, like blue, red, golden, yellow. The name of the talented painter Abbas Kuli is encrypted on the plafond of the hall near the palace of the Sheki Khans. It should be noted that the walls of the palace were repeatedly restored, and for this you can see the paintings, crushed by masters, as if they lived at a different hour.
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Zrazki mosaic walls in the middle of a booth of a rich variety. On the outskirts of Samarkand.
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In Russia, the mosaic appears to be the adoption of Christianity, but it does not expand through the road material imported from Constantinople (in Byzantium, the state monopoly was voiced on viviz smalti). St. Sophia Cathedral (Kyiv) Michael's golden-domed monastery
Mosaic Christ Pantocrator. Pivdenna gallery of the Cathedral of St. Sophia, Constantinople. Another quarter of the XII century. Transfiguration of the Lord. Cathedral of the Savior on Blood. Mosaic of the Frolovich maisterna
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Mosaics in Russia New Hour Mosaics in Russia were revived by MV Lomonosov. However, the mosaic on the right of Lomonosov did not continue after the death of its creator. Misetz Bulo Znova is forgotten. So, in the 1840th rocks, if the pantan about the Malnovnichy Ikon was put for the ISAAAKICO Cathedral in the Mosaika, the Russian Unit was reached the Vydraditi Valibutor of the Academy of Academy of Mistetztv to Roma - to the Maystr Mozai Mozachi Vamikan. From the other side, from Rome to St. Petersburg, technologists-glassmakers were requested to organize the production of smalt. This river is respected by the date of the release of the Mosaic Master of the Imperial Academy of Scrolls. in St. Petersburg, the iconostasis of the Cathedral of the Savior on the Waters, ornamental mosaics of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, mosaic portraits of members of the Tsar's Family and private engagements. obviously, dear.
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To this, the Academy slandered the shlyakha of the cherry food. For tsyogo in 1888 p. she commanded her spіvrobіtnikіv, the middle of yaky buv i A. A. Frolov, to Venice, de Antonio Salviatі buv creations and successfully victorious other, more economically viable way of mosaic typing. When new, the mosaics were placed at the mirror mirror with the front side on the timchas base, on which they were already transported on a plate for them, where they fit. Tsei way otrimav the name of the "turnaround" or "Venetian". Oskіlki tsey dosvіd not accepted by the Academy, A.A.
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Mosaic clock of the USSR, 1969 r_k
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Mosaic of the Vichili tribe Mosaic of the Vichili tribe. Jaguar, decorations with a mosaic of beads. In this hour, such a kind of autochthonous art is developing, like a mosaic of the Uchol tribe. Vaughn is a rare variety of mosaic for zastosovuvanim material - in this technique for laying beads are zastosovuetsya. Apply another packing of beads - with a lapel uphill.
Mosaic of the Vichol tribe. Jaguar, decorations with a mosaic of beads. Beads laid sideways to the core.
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Technique Ways of laying With a direct set, the elements of the mosaic are pressed into the ground. With a reverse set, the mosaic is picked up on cardboard or fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. , gravel nests, fittings or other third-party items not included in the project, as well as problematic areas, for example, oily patches, fluff or insufficient mineral base, empty. The basis is guilty of but mіtsnoy, bearing, dry, and also even and cleared in the form of zasobіv, scho change zcheplennya (for example, additives, scho change adhesion and make it easier to dismantle the formwork), without traces of cement milk, saw, wood, surplus farby, erased gumi. .If necessary, carry out a mechanical cleaning of the base, for example, with a path of blasting. Before the spadix, laying the mosaic visually on top is smooth, without filling, pits and cracks, and also dry and primed.
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Olіnf, Bellerophon and chimera (432-348 BC) Mosaic at the TEM factory near Penza
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Laying mosaics on papyrus In most cases, it is recommended to apply adhesive sums on a latex basis. The mosaic is glued with the back to paper side. Laying can be neat, to that, between sheets, you can support it between tiles, the pressure is unacceptable. After finishing the laying of the leaves, it is necessary to fasten them with light blows of the maidanchik with a gum base. Through the doba, papirs can be seen - wetting with a wet sponge, wines can be seen. Before rubbing the seams, the mosaic surface must be cleaned with excess paper and glue, after which the rubbing can be wiped off with an additional humic grater. For mashing seams dotsilno vikoristat warehouse, which is recommended by the mosaic maker. If the grouting is completed, you can wipe clean the mosaic and polish the mosaic surface. Laying the mosaic on the grid On the surface of the mosaic on paper sheets, the mosaic is pasted on the grid, glued with the front surface uphill. For tekhnologii її її laying is characteristic of those that after hanging glue you can start tearing right up to rubbing the seams.
The symbol of the soul - birds - on the Byzantine mosaic of the Orthodox church of the 6th century. Chersonese
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Mayakivska metro station St. Petersburg
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Materials Like mosaic materials, traditional smalt and natural stone, as well as glass sumish, ceramics, porcelain stoneware, metal. Classical mosaics made of smalty, like before, are filled with the most beautiful variant of decorative panels for the eyes.
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Zhovtiy. Such a color is fun. Like color pours into the people. Interior color. Blakitny, blue - the same color is cold. Light is the color of the life of the people. Chi buvaє viprominuvannya invisible. Dosvid Newton. Greenery spryaє rhythmic robotic heart, the repair of the eyes. Chervony brings inner energy. Vіdkrittya color. Injecting the light of that color into the body of a person. Chervoniy is an even more energetic color, the color of the power of that life.
"Leonardo da Vinci like teachings" - Anatomy of painting shi. The head of Christ at the crown of thorns. Mist buv bi who found a bridge in his own time. Automatic ignition system with fuse. Catapult with winch. Anatomical drawing of the skull in rosette. One of the wineries of the great Leonardo da Vinci. Madonna of silence. Leonardo da Vinci cannot be like a robot. Anchiano. Yake outside the name of Leonardo da Vinci. Kim buv vid Pan P'ero.
"Mosaic" - The ancient skylines turned out to be the exact inspirations of Penrose's mosaics! Polygonal mosaic slabs. "Wrong" crystals. Mosaics in Escher's paintings. Ceramic tiles. I ancient Islamic vizierunki. Іslіmi (pers.) - a kind of ornament, inspired by birch trees and spirals. Tile. What is a Penrose mosaic? Pravoruch - reconstruction of girikhiv. Schemes of girikhiv. Mosaics of different lands. Mosaics in nature. Minimal cut.
"Biblical themes in the image-creating mysticism" - Youth and color. Bible topics. Essay composition. Biblical themes of the figurative mysticism. Temple painting. Image of saints. Help. Orthodox icon painters. Paradise garden. Symbolism of color in Christianity. Annunciation. Robots uchniv. Bible Holy family. The return of the prodigal son. Protect the angel. Omnipotent now. Babylonian vezha. Folding hour. Vitchizna. Creation of the world. Feast of Christ.
"Maistri of folk crafts" - Meister. Food problem. Traditional embroidery. Appointment of master craftsman. Zhostivsky painting. Rostov Finift. Mastery secret. On the right, the master is afraid. Remіsniki. Varnish miniature Fedoskino. Pottery pottery M. Bіdnyak. B.I. Koromislov. Khokhloma. Earthenware. Painting on wood, birch bark. Khokhloma painting. D. Kuzovlev. Virobi from clay. Z'yasuvati meaning of slіv. Becoming a master.
"Lyalki-charms" - For the zakhist of the sisters-shakers, evil lihomanok they killed the same lyalechok. All lyalki are divided into three great groups: games, rituals and amulets. Name. Vepska lyalka (protects a baby from a psuvannya). Likhomanki. Classification of lyalok. Ash lyalka (protected the house, the center, the calm). A ten-handle (helped the women at home on the right). Lyalka for mother and child. Manager. Appointed that zastosuvannya. Dzvіnochok (protected the spirit of the fire, so that the booth had joy and fun).
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Mosaic is a decorative-applied and monumental art of different genres, create some kind of molding on the surface of the image for an additional layout, a set of that fixed on the surface (as a rule - on the flat) of a different-colored stone, smalti, ceramic tiles and other materials.
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The history of the mosaic resembles the 2nd floor. 4 thousand years before the sound. e. - an hour, as a date for the dates of the palaces and temples of the Sumerian places of Mesopotamia: Uruk, Ura, Erida. The mosaic was made up of scorched clay sticks-cones with a length of 8-10 cm and a diameter of 1.8 cm, which were laid on clay tiles. The image was molded from the ends of tsikh cones, like rozfarbovuvalis, call chervonim, black ta bіlim. Geometric motifs were victorious: rhombus, tricoutnik, zigzag.
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Up to 8 tbsp. to the sound e. to cite early examples of the development of the mosaic technique from unfinished pebbles, which laid down one of the stages in the development of mosaic techniques and was unimportantly called by the Romans opus barbaricum. When excavating, they unearthed the ornamentation of the pebble pidlogs of Altin-tepe (sh. Anatolia) and the palace in Arslan-tash (Assyria), prote naybagatshoy memorabilia of the pebble mosaics of Gordion (Anatolia).
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Antiquity The first antique mosaics made of uncut pebbles were found in Corinth and dated cinema. 5 st. to the sound e. All the contour images of people, creatures, mythological figures, decorated with geometrical and floral ornaments, vikonans sound white in black, stylistically close to black-figured vase painting. Similar zrazki 4 tbsp. to the sound e. also known in Olіnfі, Sikyoni, Eretria. An important touch to realism was shattered in Pelli's mosaics (kin. 4th century BC)
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At Ancient Rome, mosaics were laid under the logs and walls of villas, palaces and thermal baths. The Roman mosaic was made up of small cubes of an arcuate rock - smalti, a protea of a rough boulder of stone chimneys and pebbles.
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The most important development of mosaic art is the epoch of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine mosaic becomes more thinned, the finest stone module and delicate masonry are victorious, the background of the image becomes more importantly gilded.
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In Russia, the mosaic appears to be the adoption of Christianity, but it does not expand through the road material imported from Constantinople (in Byzantium, the state monopoly was voiced on vivienne smalti).
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M. U. Lomonosov took care of the restoration of mosaics in Russia. However, the mosaic on the right of Lomonosov did not continue after the death of its creator. The art of the mosaic was again forgotten. To that, in the 1840s, when there was a request for the translation of the roly-poly icons for the St. Isaac's Cathedral into a mosaic, the Russian order had the opportunity to send graduates from the Imperial Academy of Mystics to Rome - to study with the masters of the St. Isaac's Mosaic Academy. From the other side, from Rome to St. Petersburg, a dictionary technology was requested for organizing the production of smalt. In 1851, the Russian students turned to the Fatherland, at that time the Italians had already organized the production of smalti. This river is respected by the date of the opening of the Mosaic Master of the Imperial Academy of Mystics. Although the workshop was organized specifically for the creation of the mosaic of St. Isaac, which lasted 66 years and was never completed through revolutionary undertakings, it also celebrated other prayers: mosaics for the iconostasis of the Cathedral of the Savior on Spilled Blood in St. Petersburg, the iconostasis of the Mohs Cathedral Savior in Moscow, mosaic portraits of members of the royal family and private engagements. Maisternya practiced the titles of “direct method” of recruitment, which allowed the reach of the pictorial realism of the image, but it was superbly stained after an hour and, obviously, expensive.
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With a direct set, the mosaic elements are pressed into the ground. With a reverse set, the mosaic is picked up on cardboard and fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. Laying mosaics: the technique is similar to laying tiles, glue and grout for mosaic joints are available at the leather bud supermarket. The basis is subject to minerality, all defects are revealed - cracks, cavities, gravel nests, fittings or other third-party items not included in the project, as well as problem areas, for example, oil splatter, fluff or insufficient mineral base, empty. The basis is guilty of but mіtsnoy, bearing, dry, and also equal and cleared in the form of zasobіv, scho change zcheplennya (for example, additives, scho change adhesion and make it easier to dismantle the formwork), without traces of cement milk, saw, wood, surplus farby, erased gumi. If necessary, carry out a mechanical cleaning of the base, for example, with a path of blasting. Before the spadix, laying the mosaic visually on top is smooth, without filling, pits and cracks, and also dry and primed.
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Laying mosaics on papyrus In most cases, it is recommended to apply adhesive sums on a latex basis. Mosaic, glued with the back to paper side. Laying can be neat, to that, between sheets, you can support it between tiles, the pressure is unacceptable. After finishing the laying of the leaves, it is necessary to fasten them with light blows of the maidanchik with a gum base. Through the doba, papirs can be seen - wetting with a wet sponge, wines can be seen. Before rubbing the seams, the mosaic surface must be cleaned with excess paper and glue, after which the rubbing can be wiped off with an additional humic grater. For mashing seams dotsilno vikoristat warehouse, which is recommended by the mosaic maker. After completion of grouting, you can clean the mosaic and polish the mosaic surface.
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Laying the mosaic on the grid On the surface of the mosaic on paper sheets, the mosaic is pasted on the grid, glued to the front surface of the mountain. For tekhnologii її її laying is characteristic of those that after hanging glue you can start tearing right up to rubbing the seams.
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Traditional smalt and natural stone, as well as glass sumish, ceramics, porcelain stoneware, and metal are used as mosaic materials. The classically painted mosaics with smalti, like before, are filled with the same version of the design of decorative panels for the audience.
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Smalt is a traditional material for making mosaic panels, which are made of uniform opaque sums of metal oxides.
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Smalta yak is low positive power of power (man -made Material, Palitra - Kilka Tysyach Koloriv, the violence of the unorientation of the mosa, the ethnication, the dovskihi), so the individuals, and the sphere of the sphere, nervous, nervous. , high compatibility with the material
Mosaic is a decorative-applied and monumental art of different genres, create some kind of molding on the surface of the image for additional layout, set it fixed on the surface (as a rule on the flat) of different-colored stone, smalti, ceramic tiles and other materials.
The history of the mosaic resembles the 2nd floor. 4 thousand years before the sound. e. to the hour, as the dates of the palaces and temples of the Sumerian places of Mesopotamia: Uruk, Ura, Erida. The mosaic was made up of scorched clay sticks-cones with a length of 8-10 cm and a diameter of 1.8 cm, which were laid on clay tiles. The image was molded from the ends of tsikh cones, like rozfarbovuvalis, call chervonim, black ta bіlim. Geometric motifs were victorious: rhombus, tricoutnik, zigzag.
Up to 8 tbsp. to the sound e. to cite early examples of the development of the mosaic technique from unfinished pebbles, which laid down one of the stages in the development of mosaic techniques and was unimportantly called by the Romans opus barbaricum. When excavating, they unearthed the ornamentation of the pebble pidlogs of Altin-tepe (sh. Anatolia) and the palace in Arslan-tash (Assyria), prote naybagatshoy memorabilia of the pebble mosaics of Gordion (Anatolia).
A ANTIQUE The first antique mosaics made of uncut pebbles were found in Corinth and dated to the cinema. 5 st. to the sound e. All the contour images of people, creatures, mythological figures, decorated with geometrical and floral ornaments, vikonans sound white in black, stylistically close to black-figured vase painting. Similar zrazki 4 tbsp. to the sound e. also known in Olіnfі, Sikyoni, Eretria. An important crochet to the point of realism was shattered in Pelli's mosaics (kin. 4th century BC). The first antique mosaics made of uncut pebbles were found in Corinth and dated from the cinema. 5 st. to the sound e. All the contour images of people, creatures, mythological figures, decorated with geometrical and floral ornaments, vikonans sound white in black, stylistically close to black-figured vase painting. Similar zrazki 4 tbsp. to the sound e. also known in Olіnfі, Sikyoni, Eretria. An important touch to realism was shattered in Pelli's mosaics (kin. 4th century BC)
M. U. Lomonosov took care of the restoration of mosaics in Russia. However, the mosaic on the right of Lomonosov did not continue after the death of its creator. The art of the mosaic was again forgotten. To that, in the 1840s, when there was a need for the translation of the roly-poly icons for St. Isaac's Cathedral into mosaics, the Russian order had a chance to send graduates from the Imperial Academy of Mystics to Rome to learn from the maisters of the St. Isaac's Mosaics. From the other side, from Rome to St. Petersburg, a dictionary technology was requested for organizing the production of smalt. In 1851, the Russian students turned to the Fatherland, at that time the Italians had already organized the production of smalti. This river is respected by the date of the opening of the Mosaic Master of the Imperial Academy of Mystics. Although the workshop was organized specifically for the creation of the mosaic of St. Isaac, which lasted 66 years and was never completed through revolutionary undertakings, it also celebrated other prayers: mosaics for the iconostasis of the Cathedral of the Savior on Spilled Blood in St. Petersburg, the iconostasis of the Mohs Cathedral Savior in Moscow, mosaic portraits of members of the royal family and private engagements. Maisternya practiced the titles of “direct method” of recruitment, which allowed the reach of the pictorial realism of the image, but it was superbly stained after an hour and, obviously, expensive.
AT MASONRY With a direct set, the mosaic elements are pressed into the ground. With a reverse set, the mosaic is picked up on cardboard and fabric, then transferred to a primed surface. Laying mosaics: the technique is similar to laying tiles, glue and grout for mosaic joints are available at the leather bud supermarket. The base is subject to minerality, all defects, cracks, cavities, gravel nests, reinforcement or other third-party items not included in the project, as well as problem areas, for example, oil splatter, fluff or insufficient stone base, empty. The basis is guilty of but mіtsnoy, bearing, dry, and also equal and cleared in the form of zasobіv, scho change zcheplennya (for example, additives, scho change adhesion and make it easier to dismantle the formwork), without traces of cement milk, saw, wood, surplus farby, erased gumi. If necessary, carry out a mechanical cleaning of the base, for example, with a path of blasting. Before the spadix, laying the mosaic visually on top is smooth, without filling, pits and cracks, and also dry and primed.
AT LAYING MOSAIC ON PAPER In most cases, it is recommended to apply adhesive sums on a latex basis. Mosaic, glued with the back to paper side. Laying can be neat, to that, between sheets, you can support it between tiles, the pressure is unacceptable. After finishing the laying of the leaves, it is necessary to fasten them with light blows of the maidanchik with a gum base. Through the doba papira you can see the wetness of a wet sponge, you can see it. Before rubbing the seams, the mosaic surface must be cleaned with excess paper and glue, after which the rubbing can be wiped off with an additional humic grater. For mashing seams dotsilno vikoristat warehouse, which is recommended by the mosaic maker. After completion of grouting, you can clean the mosaic and polish the mosaic surface.
Traditional smalt and natural stone, as well as glass sumish, ceramics, porcelain stoneware, and metal are used as mosaic materials. The classically painted mosaics with smalti, like before, are filled with the same version of the design of decorative panels for the audience.
Smalt has a low positive power (man-made material, a palette of thousands of colors, abundance and non-repetition of mosaics, the effect of candlelight, dovgovichnist), and features that surround the sphere of її zastosuvannya, on top, on the surface, on the prick the edges. high labour-stability of the temple labor-stability of the temple compatibilities with the material of the temple compatibilities with the material
Smalt is a opacity of colors that looks like cubes or plates, which are stagnant for the preparation of mosaics. In addition, the leather cube of the troch is breathed into the air by others. Through it the surface is great, covered with smalt of one color, not looking summarily.
MILEFIORI Millefiori (lit. z іt. "mille fiori" - "a thousand colors") is a type of mosaic skla, which is characterized by special decorative little ones. The name is similar to the French "mіlefleurs" (mille fleurs) - the term of the XVIII century for the porcelain from China and Meissen, the artistic design of such an impersonally dribbling or plain kvіtіv, - but the technique of the creation of the mіlіfeorі maєn sіm character. Millefiori are made from balls of ancient glass plates between different-colored glass balls.
Technique milifiori maє on the vase of vibrating the glass rods (they are also called "murrini sticks") with different-colored little ones, as you can see only in the rosette of the rod (little little ones make the shape of the colors with the head rank, the stars and look like the name of the technique). The ornament of the transverse cut of such a rod is created in a half-hearted way by a small number of different-colored glass threads on the core of the glass rod and like an ornament on the outer side. Far away from the cursing, the rod heats up and, if the vine becomes fuzzy, it draws more thin stick (stick, cane). The ornament itself "squeezes" at the scale. As soon as the cooling rod breaks down on the dribbling plates, the stench starts up again at once and re-wraps in new sticks, and so on until the bagan baby is taken away in the perimeter.
