Ideas of social philosophy in practical contact presentation. Auguste comte yoga positive sociology

AUGUST COMTE - THE FOUNDER OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIOLOGY

The first social and scientific concept

Suspіlstvo is an organic unity of all the people, whether it be one or the other part, united by the idea of ​​\u200b\u200b“a hell of a fortune”. Vono is an organic system, born of the need for a subdivision of a global order and that is formed from impersonal subsystems. Mіzh suspіlstvo і іndivіdom zіm'ya, yak є "true єdnіstyu" vіdminu vіd suspіlstva, yak poєє yak "zvіshnіshnya", primus's power.

Auguste Comte (1798-1857) - French philosopher, sociologist, methodologist and popularizer of science, clerk of the Parisian Polytechnic School, founder of the school of positivism, social reformer, who left the great literary recession, including the six-volume "Course of Positive Philosophy" (1830-184). In 1816-1824 he was Saint-Simon's secretary. According to Comte, positivism is the middle line between empirism (materialism) and mysticism (idealism); in this context, neither philosophy nor science has the right to formulate food about the cause of the manifestations, or the essence of speeches.

The main merit of the French venerable Auguste Comte and those who were more advanced in the sciences were to understand sociology as a science. In this manner, sociology gained a scientific status and began to form its own subject of study. Comte, having created a classification of sciences, has taken a high place in sociology. Prote Comte failed to delineate the subject of the study of sociology, outline the main theoretical studies directly and explore the development of the specific conceptual apparatus of sociology. Tsoma was planted with two main furnishings.

First, Comte bov under a significant splash natural sciences, especially physics and biology. He called the sociology of wines social physics, and distinguished the social order from the biological organism. At zv'yazku z tsim, Comte vvazhav, scho sociology can be bred okremih іndivіdіv, less suspіlstvo chi social groups.

In a different way, Comte recognized only the positive aspects of sociology. On one thought, sociology can only show the facts of social reality, work on the first empirical aggravation, not working for its great theoretical impulses. Such is the foundation of building a sociology of positive science, a kind of natural reality, coherence, reliability and accuracy. In order to check the evidence that sociologists, in their duty of duty, are oriented to the exclusion of only a few basic facts and manifest social reality, they conduct their first study without deep theorizing. Such a look, having taken the name of scientific positivism. (5 slide)

According to Comte's idea, sociology is obliged to follow social statics, to which one can see the development of the individual, the family, the social dynamics, and the social dynamics that include the social processes that are included in the human welfare.

Appropriate to Comte's theory, social dynamics is the theory of progress. Obviously, before the theory of Suspension passed three main stages or epochs.

In the theological era, people believed in fetishes, then in gods, and, nareshti, in the one God. The peculiarity of the epoch and the wars of conquest, as the main occupation of the population.

In the metaphysical era, the system of values ​​is changing, the mothers of the objects of spiritual culture are being established as a priority. The birth of the hromadyanskogo suspіlstva z razvinennoy legislator system.

In the positive epoch, the spiritual management of the suspresium is established by the scientists, in the world - by "industrials". In other words, at the present stage, the development of a successful management system is being developed by wise men and high professionals. The main type of activity is the industry, which has a peaceful character, satisfies the uninterrupted life of people.

The main task of the positive philosophy of Comte, having respected the transformation of the social order, at the hour of which the sociocracy should be established: with the improvement of the social solidarity of the capitalists and the proletarians, and the bourgeoisie may emerge. The management of such a society can be secular (bankers, craftsmen and earthworkers) and spiritual (priests of the positive church).

Chotiri forces at sociocracy:

the bearer of concentrated power is the patriciate (bankers, merchants, manufacturers, landowners). The patriciate ensures the succession of development, financial and economic management.

positive priests; at їhnomu vedennі - illuminating, vihovannya, correcting mischief.

rozіyana force - the proletariat; zdijsnyuє transition to the industrial arrangement.

zhіnki - specialization of morality, vіlennya pochuttya.

In the interplay of these forces, order and progress will be ensured, and morale will be improved. The state, motivated by positive ambushes, has panuvati bonds, and not rights. In Comte's opinion, it is less right to encourage calm suspense.

Suspension of the third stage

Zgіdno z Comte, the new positive success will have classes of entrepreneurs (kerіvnikіv) and robіtnikіv. The middle of the suspіlstva - Suvora ієєrarchіya. Power is being taken from the hands of manufacturers, farmers, bankers, merchants; They are subject to the “necessary social function” of how to create that capital management, molding the working areas. The spiritual and ideological problems of this society are dealt with by the philosophy of positivity and higher education. It is political power to lie with the bankers, as they are rooted in the flocks of fahivtsiv. Comte vyhodiv scho for such an organization suspіlstvo self-adjustment and self-correct. Tse zhorstka, closed, self-regulating system, de leather element vikonuє its function.

The basic law of Comte's sociology is "love as a principle, order as a foundation, progress as a meta." In such a branch of revolution, the stink is similar to pathology, in the new panu, the solidarity of various groups and classes, the oscali of the branch of harmony, all class to save material and spiritual well-being.

***** Having devoted his life to the development of the system of sociological knowledge, Comte, until the end of his life, was reconsidered, that the most perfect edition of the "system of sciences" did not change anything in real life, For the people are not made up of one vchenih, that vcheni themselves cannot create unity. Zgidno z Comte, becoming the necessary "other theological synthesis" as the spiritual support of the new soul. Comte created "a friend of sociology", writing in the book "The system of positive politics, or a Treatise on sociology that establishes the religion of Humanity" (1851-1854), described the great organizing role of religion in society.

Pragnennya reshape sspіlstvo on the basis of social laws came from Comte religious forms, love to God wines trying to replace love to humanity. Ludstvo Kont calls "Great Booty", space - "Great Sphere", earth - "Great Fetish". The dogmas of the new world could be taken up by positive philosophy and scientific laws. Aron, calling "The Great Butt" Comte "the best of all, crushed by people": those who love Auguste Comte propagate love are not the French welfare of today, not the Russian - tomorrow, not the American - the day after tomorrow, pіdnestsya ".

Encyclopedic practices of Kont were called on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the history of society and the intellectual integration of the knowledge accumulated by him to give the people a way out of the "metaphysical" era, completely social shocks and not a good progress to reconcile the order. Cont virishiv, that political problems cannot be virishit, as the proletarians do not come together for a break in prosperity.

At the people's enlightenment, Comte, having reached the accessible skin of the people, zasib to enter into a positive vision of the world. To proponate them the order of enlightenment, which can go from mathematics to sociology, to know the students with the basics of sociology, which transfer knowledge of historical and modern sciences. Comte demonstrated that the unity of the mind cannot be "objective" (that is connected with the universe); out, on yoga thought, - "sub'jectively" (tobto pov'yazane with people).

Having taken into account the fact that the mind of the skin person repeats the path, the passage of the whole people. Cont’s number of successors tried to give institutional forms to positivism, transforming it into the spiritual orientation of humankind (in some countries, for example, Latin American countries, apparently to the principles of Comte’s positivism, to write constitutions).

The ideas of Comte, which, according to their nature, the human mind, contextual and building, transform social reality (appears to the rules of sociological science), played an important role in the formation of philosophical modernism.

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Intro. Auguste Comte

1. Idea turns…………………………………………………….…...3

2. Positivism as the basis of science …………………………………...5

3. Sociology as a science………………………………………………….…..8

4. The object of sociology………………………………………………….…..9

5. Method: “objective” and “subjective” sociology……….……....12

6. Social statics…………………………………………………....18

7. Social dynamics………………………………………………....22

Visnovok

List of references
August Comte.

Auguste Comte is the founder of positivism and positive sociology. Born in France, in the homeland of a financial official. In 1814 p. having entered the Vishchoi Polytechnic School, for example, inclusions for anti-synorchism and republican look.

Worked as a home teacher from 1814 to 1824 and secretary of Saint-Simon. On the philosophical look of Comte, Montesque and Condorcey's ideas about the natural-lawful development of suspense made a great splash. A lot of things vin pooziviv at Saint-Simon.

The term "positive" Comte is positive in Saint-Simon, which signified more positively, more organically, more clearly, more precisely. Comte himself is "positive" in 5 senses:

1. The real is the opposite of the chimeric.

2. Korisne - proliferation to the brand.

3. Validity - the opposite of the sumnivny.

4. To be more precise - the protylezhnіst invisibly.

5. Positive - opposite to the negative.

Appointment of positive philosophy for Comte is not to ruin, but to organize. Basic practices of O.Kont:

1. "Course of positive philosophy" in 6 volumes (1830-1842).

2. "Mirkuvannya about the spirit of positive philosophy" 1844.

3. "Positive catechism" 1851r.

4. "The system of positive politics, or a treatise that establishes the religion of people", in 4 volumes (1851-1854r.r.)

According to the political views, Comte changed his mind at the center. Speaking for the liberal republic, but also because of the presence of the power in the economy. In the aftermath of which wine was a stranger to both the leftist camp - Blanquists, leftist republicans and neo-Jacobists, and right-wingers - monarchists and Bonapartists. Trying to create a party "To order and progress", but knowing the collapse.

1. Idea turns

The most recent champion of the right social science, Comte, respects Aristotle, who pragmatically sees caution as the basis of science, and people as a political creature. Look at Comte's contribution of various thinkers in the work of sociology, it was written in the 47th lecture of the Course. The middle is quiet, who, after looking at the molding of Comte, or being highly valued, followed the significance of the philosophers Francis Bacon, Descartes, Hume, Condillac, as well as the names of the past. First, I mean the test of a solid, based on the “spirit of universality” to look at the social development, Comte knows Bossuet. Comte recognized the infusion of the liberal directly from the political economy, the head rank of Adam Smith and Jean-Baptiste Say. Adam Smith, "the consecrated and respectful", has a profound analysis of the practicality. “Wise” Turgot, without a doubt, also embedding the kontovsky statement about progress and passing on the law of “three stages”, dividing the cultural progress of people into three stages: religious, speculative and scientific. Cont highly appreciates Montesque's contribution, which has expanded the principle of determinism to the recognition of social phenomena and showing that these phenomena are subordinating the laws of nature. Comte knows the important contribution of Hobbes to the development of social science. Ale especially highly appreciates two philanthropists, whose ideas opposed one to one: de Maistre and Condorsi. Pragnati and reconcile traditionalism and liberalism, conservative and revolutionary spirit, and look at the concepts of both philanthropists as mutual modifiers. Comte's smut socially extinguished: "Order and progress" - spire on the idea of ​​​​order in de Maistre (and other traditionalists, especially de Bonald) and the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bprogress in Condorcy, which he introduced into his "spiritual father". Comte hit Saint-Simon with a particularly deep infusion, while Comte himself chuckled loudly. It is important to know in Comte such an idea, which in such a form would not have been used in the works of Saint-Simon. It’s worth it, zokrema, to have such an important position for Comte, like the presence of “critical” and “organic” periods in the development of suspense; idea of ​​progress; the significance of science, especially social science, for the modern era; the role of industrialism and "industrials" in the current and future industries is too small. One can boldly say that the idea of ​​social reality, the key development of sociology as a science, was adopted by Comte from Saint-Simon. Navit itself viraz “positive philosophy” of the remaining victorious 1808, tobto. back to the founder of positive philosophy. The new mi zustrіchaєmo and theses (the year of Comte's birth) for those who “science about people”, “social physics”, chi “social physiology”, are part of the global science; it is guilty to be based on careful and її methods and is guilty of being the same as the methods of the natural sciences. Even before Comte Saint-Simon in "Letters of the Genevian bag" (1803) points to the analogy between the social body and the biological organism. The very life and creative route of Comte from a preacher of new science to a preacher of a new religion in the senses, repeating the route of Saint-Simon, in the activity of which there are also three periods: scientific, social-reformatory, that period of sensibility and faith, and in some of the wines, rozroblyav "new Christianity". Ale boulo b pardon and forgive Comte as Saint-Simon. In the first place, between them they will explore the same theoretical and social-practical differences. Saint-Simon to rob the main focus on the problems of social progress; Comte, also seems to be progressing, the problems of the social order are of greater importance. Comte - pribіchnik concentration and centralization of political power, social hierarchy and subordination; Saint-Simon, navpaki, transmitting and obgurtovu zniknennya powers and bring fundamental equivalence between people. Reaffirming the significance of intellectual reform, as a necessary mind of social reform, Comte gave Saint-Simon in haste and designating, that he wants to treat the ailment, nature, which is not yet vicious. In another way, and more headily, the ideas of Saint-Simon are expressed in their germinal, unkindled form; In Comte, on the other hand, the ideas themselves are presented as developed, systematic concepts and theories. As a whole, Nin Comte, having deviated from each of the superbly ideological traditions: the enlightenment idea of ​​progress and traditionalism, enlightenment rationalism (to instill the Jacobin cult of Rozum wines with the transfer of positivism) and middle-class Catholicism. In the rest of the year, the ideology of the social-archarchical and supranational structure was especially impressive. Comte respects the old Christian dogma, but also religion like that. Vіn pragne usunut God іm'yam religii. Religion itself is eternal, to that a person, in its interpretation, is not so rational, thoughtful, rozmirkovuє, but emotional, wise, believing. Ale for the recognition of religion, as well as of all people, for Comte, you need new intellectual support. Therefore, the creation of positivism as a synthetic svetoglyadnoy system of wines begins with a revision of these assumptions.

2. Positivism as the foundation of science

Comte is placed negatively before everything negative, ruinous, critical. Vіn opposes the spirit of the enumerated and theoretically, and in fact, brought by the Revolution (in fact, that destroyed those who were going to ruin), a creative, positive spirit. The category of "positive" becomes the most common and the head one of this light-gazer, so "positivism" and other words similar to "positive" become the main terms for the definition of contivism.

What is more “positive” for the clouded founder of positivism? Win shows five meanings of the word: 1) real against the chimerical; 2) corisne on a non-attachable contraband; 3) reliable against the doubtful; 4) more precisely on the opposite side of the opposite; 5) what is organized against the ruinous one.

To these meanings, Comte adds such a positive message, as a tendency to replace the absolutely obvious, absolutely social character everywhere, as well as a close link from a deep healthy heart. The area of ​​positive thought in the system of Comte can be understood from the well-known law of “three stages”, that “three stages”, which are important to their main ideas. Depending on the law, an individual person, suspense and people will inevitably and sequentially go through three stages in their development. . Theological thought, in its own way, goes through three phases of development: fetishism, polytheism, monotheism. This stage was necessary for its time, the shards were taken care of by the advance development of human sociality and the growth of mind forces. Ale, the attempt of theology to penetrate into the baptism of Providence is shameless and similar to the admission of those who have the lowest creatures in the building of the bazhannia of the people or other greater creatures. 2) At the metaphysical, or abstract, stage of human thought, it is also possible to explain the internal nature of the phenomena, their beginning and recognition, the main way of their enlightenment. But in the light of theology, metaphysics explains the phenomena not for the help of supranatural factors, but for the help of essences or abstractions. At this stage, the speculative, speculative part is even greater "after a sloppy exercise to argue instead of what to guard." Metaphysical thoughts, becoming, like a theological, inevitable stage, for its nature, critical, ruinous. Yogo rices are saved by a significant world and in the present era. 3) The main sign of a positive, chi real, chi scientific stage in someone who has a law of post-order ordering, show caution. At this stage, the mind is guided by the inaccessible definition of final causes and essences and the anatomy turns to a simple violation of laws, tobto. "the fast vidnosin, which is known to be guarded by the manifestations."
In other words, Comte argues as if they are opposed to the “kind” reasons, and against the continued causality, they stand firm, that science can replace the “why” food with the “yak” food. Vin himself, however, often talks about the causes of other phenomena in his creations.
A positive thought, to which the authorities have assigned more signs, far and longing for empirism, and longing for mysticism. According to the law of three stages, all sciences and all the successes will inevitably complete their evolution at the positive stage. The very third stage is formed by the truth, that is. positive science, meta yakoї - knowledge not of facts (the stink of becoming it is no longer necessary Syrian material), but of laws. The foundation of post-natural laws is the mind foundation of science; їhnє pіznannya with the method of rational transfer - її recognition. Comte to get out of the statement about the unity and the ієrarchical structure of the whole butt, including human. On the basis of such a manifestation of wines, I will develop my own classification of sciences, which has gained wide popularity. This classification includes six basic sciences: mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology and sociology. It is characteristic that this classification has no philosophy and psychology. The essence of the first is explained by the fact that Comte does not think of philosophy as a special folly of knowledge: for a new one, philosophy is positive - that is the same science that posits the most significant laws, that ignites the results of private sciences and ensures safety every day. Vіdstnіst psychologist explains Tim, Shaho Todіshnya Psychologist Bula digestly іntrospective, sacrificed on the self-sufficient, Scho, for the right, did not allow Vugazati її її, Tim Bільша, Scho in Perigod to His His Clausifіkatsії Vіn Nadavav's head value "Ok'єkivational" cautious. The skin of the rehabilitated sciences is a kind of sorrel in terms of advancement to the offensive. The skin of them is behind the front of the method and adds to them more own, mindfulness of the specifics of the object being studied. Every science goes through its development theological, metaphysical and positive stages; less for the rest of the stink, the sciences have a powerful meaning. At the top of the hierarchy of sciences, sociology is perebuvaya.
3. Sociology as a science

According to Comte, sociology, as if it were another science, develops constant natural laws. The subject of її - the most important and most convenient, that way out - the queen of sciences in her own way. Sociology can and is guilty of victorious achievement of other sciences, as it develops greater, lower supremacy, spheres of reality. Qi of science, especially biology (beyond the middle of sociology in the hierarchy of sciences), before it, introductory, preparatory. At once about those stinks to serve as a theoretical and methodological point of view; even though the sociology of other disciplines has approached a positive state, it has saved especially rich theological and metaphysical elements; uyava at nіy dosi panuє over guarding. It is more necessary to create, and the founder of positivism is felt to be called to the death.
For the purpose of understanding the youngest science, Comte won different terms: "social philosophy", "social science", "social physiology" and "social physics". Vіn vvazhav himself the author of the remaining term and until the singing moment, looking at Yogo as the best. However, it became, in Comte's opinion, "wrong" to win, first for all the Belgian scientist Adolphe Quetelet, who is in his practice "About people, that development of її zdіbnosti, or Dosvid of social physics" (1835) zastosuv yogo to "simple statistics". Such a way of speaking clearly did not suit that important mission, as it is not enough to engage in sociology in the system of sciences and in society. For the understanding of the new science, a new word was needed, and it was invented.
Comte first lived the word "sociology" in 1839, in the 47th lecture "Course of positive philosophy" (volume IV). I am banging yogo on the onn, Vіin at Primіttsі Obґruntovє, exactly, the VIRDOVOUє Yoh introduced such as the ukhin: "I'm hanging in the Vіdteper, commemorated on Vicerista of a new new thermaine, Tsіlkomotnaya Mozhima LJ introduced Virase" Socian'alna Fizika ", Schob Mati Mozhlivіt to acquaint one class , which is brought to a positive conclusion of the totality of the fundamental laws, the power of social phenomena. The need for such a name, mayuchi on the recognition of a special recognition of this volume (Volume IV of the "Course", so it is, like V and VI volumes, assignments to the development of social science), I swear to put me in this state of mind, as I will soon rise to the law, Yakim , I think, I’m constantly currying with a strong obscurity, gradually introducing neologisms to the voice of the voice.” In the meantime, after the introduction of the new term Comte, a series of them continued to beat the old definitions of the new science.
4. Object of sociology
.

Kont was one of the philanthropists, yak they revealed social reality and made an important contribution to її razuminnya. Deyakі vyavlennya about her, yaky vіn rozrobiv, then became paradigm and nabula podrazvitka in sociology. The head mind creation of an independent social science, according to Comte, is a vision of a specific reality, as it is not cultivated by other sciences of the day. To cognize the reality of the victorious different terms: "suspility", "social organism", "social system", "social phenomena", "social foundation" just. A person is social by nature, sociality is a natural camp. Ale and hisism is also a natural camp, to that social nature helps to learn and to be conquered by an individual from a vihovannya. Being a spate of natural light, suspenstvo becomes "a piece and a voluntary order." A person is impossible to create social phenomena by the will of the power, or else it can be modified for the mind to uphold the laws of nature. You can either reduce or change the intensity of the already underlying social trends, you can change the current speed, or you can’t change the order of your direct line, or skip through the intermediate stages. The uncertainty of social phenomena can be called out by such officials, like a race, a climate chi in the state of social affairs, but dominating their own, they are deprived of the duty of universal immutable laws. Suspіlstvo is built up from іndivіdіv, yаkі mаut аrеmіm аnd independent іsnuvannyаі і think scho stink zgіdno zі sоїоbistіmi іmpulsam. Really stink to take the fate of the wild rose, ring out, not hovering over the cym. Being a social realist, Comte constantly reinforces the primacy of suspense over the individual, sometimes even sharper expressions. The words "specialty", "specialties" are often worn by a new deprecating person. One of the first in sociology, Comte, expands pidkhid to a suspension like a system, the prototype of which is a biological organism. Vіn constantly reinforces її tsіlіsny, inappropriate character and interdependence of її parts, indicative of “splash that zvorotnі spliff, as if without interruption to give one, be it different parts of the social system ...”. All power systems have such power, like solidarity, but still living systems, especially social ones, are the most important world. According to Comte, Suspіlstvo is based on a fundamental consensus (sgodі) and offensiveness; vlasne, tse same brightness, take from the first view from the spacious, from the other from the watch aspects.
Comte sees such power of social reality, as the maximum folding and, after all, the most disorder and lack of order; activity; spontaneity and water regulation by piece order.

Comte's views on social reality have one peculiarity, like for other pioneers of sociological thought: the price of indivisibility of the welfare of that people. Suspіlstvo priymaєєєєє kadstvo і і miniaturі, and lyudstvo іk expansive іnії ії ії sіspіlstvo. For whom people are accepted as a common law, a reality and a “real” social reality. Comte to get out of the concept of “suspіlstva, scho expand”, scho mає є є є є є є є є є є є є є є є є є є є є єє people; Vіn stverdzhuє, scho іsnuіє postіyna tendentsіya to osvіti “bіlshі sоtsіаtsіy”. The structure and development of the suspіlstva zreshtoyu vyznachayutsya "fundamental laws of human nature", and sociology is included in the "positive theory of human nature". The unrecognizable suspense of that people was believed to be a universal progress and evolutionary manifestations, apparently, to some extent, all the suspense inevitably pass at its development of one and the same phase. It is enough to remember the most "advanced" suspenstories, to understand the ways, like earlier than ever before all the people. To this, Comte robs and examines the skin of the significant historical epic “the elite, the avant-garde of humankind”, prostrate the shares of the “converted” people, who carried the baton of civilization and passed it on to others. Starting from the new hour, we are becoming more and more Western European nations (and from the 17th century - we are ahead of France), shards, on the other hand, all of humanity will inevitably follow their historical path. Here the kontov's position is close to the Hegelian philosophy of history, on the one hand, and the evolutionism of Marx and Spencer on the other. Although Comte and stverdzhuvav at the “Kursi” that it is impossible to rebuild the social development stage, saying that civilized nations can help the less civilized peoples to rush through the development of less civilized peoples without blemishes, like they were brothers. In this rank, in Comte, society and people are seen not only as beings of the same order, but as the same in essence, even if they are different for each other. In the first place, the people are accepted as much as possible for obligatory supremacy. In a different way, the deacons of success in the singing of historical periods act as representatives of the whole of humanity, as if laying the route for this distant rukh. Such a position is of little double theoretical significance. From one side, it avenged the understanding of the real unity of mankind, the sameness and similarity of rich social signs among different peoples. On the other hand, it led to a simple glance at the path to the development of various suspensions and to ignorance of their originality. The transformation of society and humanity, sociality and human nature meant the linking of sociology to a kind of anthropology and psychology, which superchided Comte's vision of creating sociology as a special science.

5. Method: "objective" and "subjective" sociology.

For understanding the interpretation of sociology by Comte, it is important to remember that two different ethics intertwined in creativity: science from one side, socially practical (reformist, religious, moralistic, political, pedagogical skinny.) - from the other side. The first one was worried about the hour of writing the "Course of Positive Philosophy", the friend - the hour of writing the "System of Positive Politics". The super-clearness of these two ethical orientations gave rise to the prolongation of low theoretical and methodological postulates. On the one hand, Comte voted pіdkhіd to sociology yak to ob'ektivnoї, suvoroy and neperedzhenoї science, founded on cautious and free-of-all sorts of forward-thinking concepts. Other than that - sociology, like positivism in the wild, was revealed to me not only by science, but more, by science. For this reason, the thought, poklikane, actually remake all social life, including politics, morality, religion, too. It is characteristic for them that “The System of Positive Politics” is “Sociological treatise, which creates the Religion of Humanity”.

The super-clearness of the positions of Comte-science and Comte-the-reformer and the prophet was revealed throughout the world in his interpretation of the method of sociology.
In general, Nin Count confided innocence to the method of science in the form of її subject theories. Vodnocha vіn designates, scho "in our hour the method is important, not the doctrine itself." In the period of the creation of the “Course of Positive Philosophy”, if Comte was cherished by scientific ethics, guilty of obstructive objectivity and objectivity, up to the achievement of social phenomena, vіlny types of assessments, which were formed by science. For the time being, we look at sociology as an element of the global system of scientific knowledge and expand the rational, "objective" method of social science. If Comte becomes a prophet of a new religion, he expands the “sub'active” way and creates the title of “sub'active synthesis”. He himself pointed out that in the "Kursi" he developed the "objective" method, "constantly descending from the light to the people", and in the "System of Positive Politics" he introduced the "sub'jective" method, "one systematization, demi constantly converges from a person to the world.” The result of creativity, daily, present two sociology: “objective” and “subjective”.

In the “objective” sociology of Comte, there are those that can’t zastosovuvat primal scientific methods, with a specific rank to zastosovuvat methods, like in other sciences, and, nareshti, vikoristovuvaty vossnі methods and adopt. Like in other sciences, in sociology, it is necessary to establish induction and deduction, but the first method is shorter than the other. Prote himself Comte won the head rank of the deductive method. Like biology, here the process needs to be carried out from the whole to the parts, from the system to the elements, and not all of them.
Sche 1825 p. Comte defined “social physics” as “science, which is the object of the formation of social phenomena, which are looked at as such, as phenomena of astronomical, physical, chemical and physiological, etc. like they conformed to the post-natural laws...”. Vіn criticizes previous ones, like the great historical podіyah "to make only people and not to make speeches, like shovhayut їkh with inexhaustible force." In contrast to metaphysical methodology, which is based on subordering of facts, and claims to be absolute explanations, positive social science is based on careful, consistent links between facts. Comte has two sensi words for "caution": wide and narrow. The broad sense (“the ardent mysticism of caution”) has a universal approach, which characterizes a positive methodology and resists certain constructions. In this case, all the methods of sociology are different types of caution. For a narrow sense of caution to become one of the three main methods of science, which zastosovuetsya in sociology, as the essence of “pure caution”; experiment; random method.
Speaking of being careful, Comte substantiates that we can overthink like a wild theory. Whether it’s isolated, it’s so empirically safe, unreliable and unreliable: in your case, you usually don’t know what fault you can look at in your fact. Science can only be protected by such precautions, if it wants to be hypothetically tied to some kind of law.

Cont rozrіznyaє accuracy and reliability of the social fact and swear on pardon zmіshuvannya tsikh to understand. The very credibility is the main task of sociology, and in this way it is not compromised by other sciences. Tsikavo, who was the founder of positivism and was an opponent of the stagnation of kilkish methods in sociology, even though the stagnation of these methods itself was taken as the leader of positivist sociology in the XX century. Whom has one of the manifestations of supra-echo richness and super eloquence of the positivist doctrine; well, having taken one name, it has long ceased to be one and the same.
Another "objective" follow-up method is experiment. Comte signifies that in sociology the impossibly “direct” experiment, which is formed, like a physicist, in a piece-made creation is like a phenomenon. Then, in this case, there is an "indirect" experiment, the essence of which lies in the disruption of the normal course of development, which occurs in the suspension. Analysis of pathological phenomena in sociology, as well as in biology, as a reference experiment.

The ailment of both the biological and the social organisms means, as if pardoned, the real destruction of the fundamental laws of life. Normal and pathological manifestations are of the same order; Pathology is a disorder, shocking the social organism, which is called out by various secondary officials: race, climate, political conditions. Pathological manifestations may be the main rank of different revolutionary epochs; evidently their caution, tobto. indirect experiment, perhaps, more importantly in the epoch.
The equivalence method in sociology, according to Comte, is composed of a number of methods, chi methods of equivalence.

The first one is the sequence of human and creaturely conspiracies. The value of this method lies in the fact that it allows you to establish the most elementary and universal laws of social solidarity.
The other one is the division of different living camps of human society in different regions of the earth's backwoods, and one can see the camps of such peoples, as if they were independent of each other. This method, which is manifested among today's peoples in different parts of the planet in the future, became the most civilized nations, priming "the need for that constant identity of the fundamental development of humankind." Ale, such a match, for Comte, incomplete, to that one who imagines as if at once, and so unruly, so socially become, as if it’s true to go one by one. That is why such a way of equalization is necessary, which would give the possibility to show the progress of human evolution, “the real advance of various systems of supremacy”.

There is a third way of reconciliation, which Comte calls "historical reconciliation of different last stages of humankind" or "historical method". This method, which is to establish the “foundation” of social science, is less characteristic of sociology and reminiscent of biology. First of all, the significance of the historical method is understood, zocrema, in tsom, that the scientific approach to wines is supplemented by a global scientific methodology, and the practical development of the socially sensibly and sensibly istoricheskoї offensiveness. The essence of the method is based on the determination of the different phases of the evolution of humankind, the composition of the "social rows" and the last assessment of the different phases of humankind. The historical method is important and important in transferring in sociology, the oscalls of the past are more important than today: “... We learn to rationally prophesy the future only after that, as we transfer, by the singing world, the past ...”.

The main scientific power of evidence in sociology is based on the post-harmonious, uninterrupted developments from historical analysis with the forward concepts of the biological theory of man. As far as the “subjective” method is concerned, then Comte's characteristics are less clear than in the description of the “objective”. And it is not surprising that the "sub'jective" mind may have a mystical character in the significant world. Under the subject, which becomes the main point of the "sub'jective" approach, it is not the individual but the group, but the whole people, that is the head rank. The first sign of which is evident in the fact that it is a deep-seated human social thought on the completion of the object. Another sign of the method is that which, on the basis of an “objective”, rational approach, is emotionally altruistic for its day. Tse way of “heart”, which can be sub-ordered by the mind. It is necessary to order scientific, moral and political ideas to altruistic feelings, directing them consequently to family, fatherland and people. Three formulas are given to whom: live for your loved ones, live for your fellow travelers, live for everyone. All stinks are summed up by the famous motto "Live for others". In a word, this method, richer and more fundamental, is lower than the one that is now called empathy. This is the method of love, like Comte will say that it’s not only a life, but a methodological principle.
In Comte's opinion, the difference between the "objective" and "subjective" methods is marked by duality. From one side, vin podkreslyuє єdnіst і vzaєmododatkovіst tsikh methodіv, looking at the first їх yak nebhіdny stage, scho before the other. Other than that, the whole "System of Positive Politics", which strengthens the "revealing of the heart over the mind" and simplifies the role of the rest, is based on an explicitly and implicitly expressed position about those that can do without the "objective" method and start thinking " subjective". It is obvious that in the sphere of scientific knowledge one can recognize importantly those approaches, procedures and acceptances, as Comte called them in an “objective” way. It is also evident that the principles of "sub'jective" sociology contrasted sharply with the principles of "objective"; here Comte gives free rein to the sing sensi, turning thoughts from the positive stage to the theological and metaphysical.
6. Social statics

Be-yaky object, for Comte, can twist from two points of view: static and dynamic. The cost of the development of the social system. Therefore, sociology is divided in yoga doctrine into two parts: social statics and social dynamics. These two disciplines support two parts of the head ending of the Kontivsky battle “Order and Progress”. For social statics, the main meta is the manifestation of the laws of the social order, for social dynamics - the laws of progress. Social statics is the social anatomy that builds the life of the social organism, social dynamics is social physiology that builds its functioning. The object of the first їх is the suspension “at the station of peace”, the object is different - the suspension of “the camp of chaos”. The equal assessment of the importance of these two divisions of sociology by Comte changed: although “Kursi” was firmly established, which is the most important part of sociology - social dynamics, then “Systems” - which is social statics. Social statics sees the “structure of the collective identity” that is worthy of the mind, the power of all human constellations, that is the law of harmony. Tsі mind stosuyutsya іndivіda, sim'ї, suspіlstva (people). Individual, according to Comte, as it was meant to be, natural and necessary for the purpose of life in the household; and his stylistic strength in the new one also has a natural character. "Reference sociological element" is not an individual, but a family.
Sim'ya is the school of social life, in which the individual must swear and curse, live in harmony with others and for others. She will add a touch of social offensiveness, that rozuminnya staleness in the past generations, showing the past with the future: “... Be sure to be super important, so that the person did not think that she was born yesterday ...”. Being a micro-social system, it conveys hierarchy and subordination: the woman is responsible for reproach to the people, and the young - to the elders. Sim'ya is the main element, from which and after which there will be a suspense. Suspіlstvo is established from the marriage of families; in a new one, the stage of a family background develops into a stage of a political background. Family, tribe, nation, state - all the phases of association in the last step up to humanity. Ale sіm'ya - tse "union", foundations on instinctive, emotional similitudes, and not "association".

Podіl pratsi, after Comte, as an economical, but fundamental social fact, "the head of the mind of our social life." Itself podіl pratsі to lie in the basis of social solidarity, as well as zbіlshennya razmіru and folding of the social organism, which is growing. It develops a social instinct, instilling a skin sim's awareness of the fallibility of others and its own power significance, so the skin's sim'I can respect itself vikonu important and neviddilna in the system's supple function. Truth, on the vіdmіnu ekonomіstіv, Comte vvazhє, scho cooperation, founded on podіlі pratsі, not creating suspіlstvo, but transferring it to the front. Solidarity, powerful to all living objects, has reached the highest level in the Suspіlstva. In order to understand this stage and the specifics of social solidarity in Suspіlstvo, Comte from time to time begins to win the understanding of social consensus (God). The consensus of yoga theory is "the basic idea of ​​social statics". Vodnochas podіl pratsі to take revenge on his own pevnі wadi and nebezpeka for the social organism. It will threaten the distribution of the suspense on the anonymous insulated groups. It is out to rob a person of goodness in one respect and "sickly unworthy" in all others. Focusing on the vision of his private task, a person thinks less about his private interest and vaguely accepts the social interest. Podolannya tsikh not safe under the pracі і mozhlive zavdyaki postіynіy discipline, funktsії governіnnya vіdpovіdnіy їy vykonavskiyіy funktії. Management is a social function, which is recognized as a way of streaming and ahead of “fatal strength to a ground-breaking development of ideas, pochuttіv that interests ...”.

Contrary to Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau Comte, to run in management is not as an addendum, a piece of strength, a call to follow the orders of people to a huge agreement in order, but a natural, necessary function, which has spontaneously developed, at once from the suspility itself. The material, intellectual and moral subordination is inextricably tied to the rooted practice; won’t win, crime is under order, check what is good, what is the honesty of managers. The “normal” order is the kind that ensures social aggregation, the minimum world spirals on material strength and, as much as possible, on change, fortune, a huge thought. Subordination is subject to the law, for which private activities are established under the most important types of activities. Management is the most important function, and, also, other social functions are subordered. Comte strengthens the natural, eternal and non-separate nature of the social hierarchy, obviously, the anti-natural nature of the idea of ​​social equivalence. Rozpodіl sspіlstva on the class viplyvaє z the main and necessary subdivision of managerial and vikonavskoi functions. Comte means class in a different way, but the essence of them is to be brought up to the point that they become two of the most important categories: kerіvnikіv and vykonavtsіv. Suspension has two of the most important categories - ce patriciate and proletariat. Among them, different social groups are divided among their own. So, the patriciate is divided into bankers, who manage capitals, and entrepreneurs, like to control robots without intermediary. Apprentices from their own line are divided into trades and silskogospodarski. The proletariat is also internally differentiated, wanting, knowing tse, Comte is able to reinforce yoga unity and uniformity. Comte of superficially storming "the total share of the working class", which is humiliated and robbed by all kinds. Create a series of warm and penetrating words about the proletariat, about yoga “look at that noble feeling”. The proletarians and women of wine are considered natural allies to positivism (like positivist philosophers, the stench of standing on the "hot spot") and pragmatically build the whole union. The future proletariat has a growing patrician; Vіn is no longer a slave, but a service worker, that salary is getting paid.

Being an opponent of the rule of the legislator, the judge and the judge, Comte at once sharply shares the power of the spiritual and the worldly. Tsey gave it real and beneficial for the soul, for the mind of the impeccable victory of spiritual power over the worldly. In the Middle Europe, spiritual power belonged to the priests, and the laity - to the military. After the French Revolution, it went beyond the glories of spiritual power to worldly power, as it passed to politicians and lawyers. In today's era, at the same time, out of the triumph of positivism, worldly power passes to "industrials", and spiritual - to "scholars" ("philosophers", "sociologists"), such as Comte having respected the new "spiritual rulers", the new "priest", the head of the figurative, and then have a literal meaning. Functions of the category category, which become a kind of caste, in support, de overcoming positivism,
superficially foldable and rіznomanіtnі. The stench is not only to please, to sanctify, to regulate, to classify, to judge, but, being the priests of a new cult, to chase after thoughts, vchinka, readings and inspire the creation of posterity. Among the different systems of social institutions in the spheres of social life Comte of particular importance is given to religion and morality. Two social spheres feed and permeate the region: science, economics, politics, law, etc. Social nutrition for the new us is not economical and not political for its essence, but moral and religious. The driving force of activity is not intellect, but a sense; I feel like morality and religion are collapsing in my heart. In the same way, the “System of Positive Politics” sociology is divided into two spheres. With the help of the “subjective” way of developing morality, one is angry with the buddovoy sociology; all sciences serve as nothing more than a preparation for morality, so that they are accepted as a kind of science, which is at the top of the hierarchy of sciences. Characteristically, the image of the fatalistically tarnished social law and the mandated moral norms is well seen in Comte’s theses, as a result of which sociology is guilty of pragmatically “constantly imagine as inevitably those that manifest themselves as an obov'yazkove, and navpaki”. Sociology suddenly becomes the foundation of the foundation of the Religion of Humanity. Behind Comte, in opposition to the Protestants and deist, who attacked religion in the name of God, positivity "mayut enough to say God in the name of religion." Religious-moral cob permeates Comte and such an institution as power.
Vіn buv privilnik of private authority and the right of inheritance of the lane. Ale vodnochas vіn postiyno pіdkreslyuvav “ social nature vlasnosti” and vіdpoіdalіnіst vіdpoіdіlіnі vіslіnі vіslіnі before suspіlstvo through those, yak vіn іn order.

In principle, the structure of the suspense, which is developed by social statics, according to Comte, does not change radically. You may not recognize sickly shocks at the “critical” period, but then we will renew the signs of progress. Agee, zgidno with one of the yogo formulas, “progress is the development of the order”.
7. Social dynamics

Social dynamics - the theory of progress. I understand progress more than human suspіlstva, to become their specificity and allow the establishment of sociology and biology. Progress here is possible for those who, on the basis of fellow creatures, one generation can transfer to others the accumulated material and spiritual wealth. As a result of the inseparability of society and humanity, the inclusion of sociology to the “positive theory of human nature” Kong's theory of progress is basically anthropological. Social progress is allowed to resemble the innate instinct that suffocates a person “to constantly improve in all your minds, be it your mind”, to develop “by igniting your physical, moral and intellectual life.

It is clear that progress is not equal to the boundless growth of happiness and that human perfection, which means that the remaining understanding is more likely to replace the understanding of “development”. The social dynamics has been allowed for optimism, but the shards are out of sight of the possibility and the need for improvement. In history, “organic” periods are chalked up to “critical” ones, if the attack breaks down. I, tim schonaimshe, the social development of Comte's swearing is depicted as a thorough, complete, progress. Comte constantly denounces the uninterrupted and offensive character of progress. Like before, as social statics show solidarity with space, social dynamics show solidarity with the hour.

The social dynamics of looking at the skin of the last state of suspension as a result of the previous one, and the necessary future, shards, according to Leibniz's axiom, “to correct the future”. To the eyes of the traditionalists, Comte constantly reinforces the offensiveness of the generation and the colossal injection of the previous generations into the further development. The "Positivist Catechism" vіn states: "Live forever, and more and more, to be ruled by the dead: such a fundamental law of the human order." For this reason, this thesis is perverted in the fact that the people, in a significantly larger world, are formed from the dead, lower from the living, and the social bond is broken at the time of the revolt of the living against the dead. Comte's main law of social progress is the law of three stages. Us sspіlstva earlier chi pіznіshe go through his development of theological, metaphysical and positive stages. In the theological era, people believe in fetish (fetish period); potim - at the gods (the period of polytheism); nareshti - with the one God (the period of monotheism). The main worldly occupations are wars of conquest. Obviously, spiritual power belongs to the priests, the worldly - to the military.

In the metaphysical epoch, people have the right to a free discussion and base themselves less on individual assessments. Spiritual power, which belongs to metaphysicians and writers, is tarnished by the worldly, which belongs to legislators and lawyers. The significance of the military activity is taken care of, but it becomes more importantly defensive.
Nareshti, in a positive era, spiritual management is established by "sciences", in the world - by "industrials". The main type of activity is the industry, which has a peaceful character. According to Comte, a positive stage in the development of humankind was small after the Great French Revolution, but the Revolution only made a ruinous task and shied away from a normal path. The singing sensation is still continuing. From a spiritual point of view, the positive stage begins with the “Course of Positive Philosophy”. The beginning of Comte, unique in his description of the exact date of the beginning of the positive phase in the worldly and political aspects. Ale in "The System of Positive Politics" in її vkazuє: tse 1860 - 1865 pp. .

In order for the evolution of humankind to reach the Land of Probation (positive I will), it is necessary to introduce two series of reforms. The first may be theoretical; їх meta - create hard and fast thoughts; їх the cob lie with the "Course". Other reforms - practical, political. The stench is reminiscent of the miraculous social organization of the middle class; to reinstate spiritual power over the worldly, entrusting the first to the vchenim, to a friend - to the "industrials", to replace jealousy with the ierarchy, and national sovereignty - to the centralized centralized administrations of competent people. A positive, great stage in Comte is stated and prophesied as inevitable, but further away the share is characterized by a vague one. Vіn vvazhaє, scho you will pass "there is a rich century, first of all, the Great Іstota (for that Humanity) will be guilty of taking care of your own blissful fall ...". In such a rank, in Comte, like in Marx, that the gold of a century is in front of the people, at the same time inevitably and Bazhan, meaning either it is not different, or the end of history, or a new cycle of development, which starts from a new "theological" stage. In such a manner, in view of the caution of really important and fundamental stages of social evolution, Comte proceeds to the characteristics of what it will be necessary and guilty of. Social dynamics ends with prophecies, practical recommendations and utopian projects.
Visnovok

Comte made an important contribution to the formation of sociology as a scientific discipline. Vіn obґruntuvav її nebhіdnіst і mozhlivіst. This circumstance was essentially and inevitably philosophical, broader, light-seeing: obviously, it was impossible to encircle sociology in the middle of sociology, shards like an independent science did not yet exist, Contra razumiv, that there is a lack of new science. Vіn namіtiv її the program and often namagavsya її implement. Some of these samples were successful in this program, some of them were superchilo. Comte made a serious contribution to the formation of ontological paradigms of sociological knowledge, tobto. key statements about social reality. Vin having brought the thesis that has become paradigmatic, about those that social reality is part of the global system of lighting. Vіn having uncovered the idea of ​​autonomy of the "social foundation" of the completely individual. Vіn is one of the first to develop such a paradigmatic understanding, like "social organism" and "social system". (The truth is, we still don’t differentiate between society and humanity, but respect that these are the very essences that develop in the same rank.) Comte formulated the evolutionary paradigm, leading up to the fact that all the successes in their development are going through the same day. Vіn obґruntuvav podіl suspіlstv іn іyskіvі and іndustrial type, which іnѕhі sociologists continued thаt year. Yogo ideas lie in the basis of various theories of industrialism and technocracy. Vіn fixing visuvannya on the forefront of social life and the growing importance of new social categories: entrepreneurs, bankers, engineers, robotic class, scientists. Vin was the ancestor of one of the main sociological traditions - the tradition of continuing social solidarity (which is also signified by the terms "prosperity" and "harvest").

In the epistemological aspect, Comte's thesis is of great importance about those that the structure is the development of the sub-ordering of laws, which, on the basis of such sequences, must be developed socially. The difference between social statics and social dynamics in those and other forms was preserved by the current of the history of sociology, and also penetrated into the sum of science. They save their value and rich postulates that are worthy of methods in sociology: caution, experiment, similarly-historical method, too. To develop yoga mystical “sub'jective” method by plunging into the share of sociological thought.

In the ethical aspect, the significant role played in the development of sociology was grounded by Comte's prominent role in the sociology. Yogo contributed to the professional ethics of the new science, but to prove the need to be vigilant over the yava and the gooey call not to “curse” and “praise” social facts, but to turn them around; tsim vin aktualizuvav hundred and sociology most important for scientific ethics Spinozi's thesis: "Don't laugh, don't cry, but understand." Truthfully, Comte himself in his “subjective” sociology and “positive politics” often dwelt on opposite principles. Ale wine, with such force, obstructed the ethics of the unprepared, free in the face of any dogma, insane follow-up, that positivism in sociology has always appeared to itself with such ethics. She herself became the head of the profession of sociologist. As far as the significance of Comte for the institutional and organizational side of the development of sociology, then here we can talk not about direct, but only about indirect yoga. The time for the institutionalization of sociology has not yet arrived. As Comte himself said, “a colossus cannot be a throne.” Yogo's sociology was busy with the wheels. It is impossible to say whether sociology, if anything, or de-nebud, has been “on the throne”. But in the fact that today she occupies a place in the middle of the sciences about people, the merit of Comte is undoubtedly great.
List of references
Comte O. Spirit of positive philosophy (Word about positive thinking) SPb., 1910.

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Auguste Comte (1798-1857) - French philosopher, founder of sociology as a science. At your respectable pratsy, Vіn voiced the positiveness of the Yak Novy to the Socioologian Miscelonian Misceliology, the system of positive sciences, presenting the statistical aspects of the Aquisite of Suspilia, to know the stadium sufficient progress, and Torzvіdnі їM. The sociological views of O. Comte were molded by the work of French philosophers and historians R. Descartes, D. Diderot, Ch. Montesque, A. Turgot, J. Condorcet and J. Mestre, without intermediary reference to C. Saint-Simon. Before his "spiritual mentors" O. Comte zarakhovuvav English philosophers F. Bacon and D. Hume, Italian scientist G. Galileo, German philosopher G. Leibnitz. Auguste Comte (1798-1857) - French philosopher, founder of sociology as a science. At your respectable pratsy, Vіn voiced the positiveness of the Yak Novy to the Socioologian Miscelonian Misceliology, the system of positive sciences, presenting the statistical aspects of the Aquisite of Suspilia, to know the stadium sufficient progress, and Torzvіdnі їM. The sociological views of O. Comte were molded by the work of French philosophers and historians R. Descartes, D. Diderot, Ch. Montesque, A. Turgot, J. Condorcet and J. Mestre, without intermediary reference to C. Saint-Simon. Before his "spiritual mentors" O. Comte zarakhovuvav English philosophers F. Bacon and D. Hume, Italian scientist G. Galileo, German philosopher G. Leibnitz.

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From the works of A. Turgot and J. Condorcet, he proposed ideas about those that have progressed to the mind of a person, the cause of a change in prosperity and about the stages of progress. Comte's sociological argument about social statics and social dynamics went out in a smutty tone: "Order and Progress" is perverted from the idea of ​​order by J. Mestre. The first adoption of the terms "positive philosophy" and "social physiology" belonged to C. Saint-Simon, so the very idea of ​​necessity goes to the development of social phenomena, the vicorist methodology of the natural sciences. As F. Engels wrote: "Contact all his brilliant ideas in Saint-Simon." From the works of A. Turgot and J. Condorcet, he proposed ideas about those that have progressed to the mind of a person, the cause of a change in prosperity and about the stages of progress. Comte's sociological argument about social statics and social dynamics went out in a smutty tone: "Order and Progress" is perverted from the idea of ​​order by J. Mestre. The first adoption of the terms "positive philosophy" and "social physiology" belonged to C. Saint-Simon, so the very idea of ​​necessity goes to the development of social phenomena, the vicorist methodology of the natural sciences. As F. Engels wrote: "Contact all his brilliant ideas in Saint-Simon."

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Like the head law of sociocracy, the French thinker proclaimed: "Kohannya is like a principle, order is like a foundation and progress like a meta." Sociocratic powers will have established such orders, for which skins can be bound by all, but no one has the right to, but the right to bind one's own bonds. The supreme body of the svіtskoї vlady may be the triumvirate - the power of three dictators, hanging from the warehouse of the wealthy landowners, promissors and representatives of the trade and fable capital. The "priests" - venerable philosophers, clerics, representatives of the arts and religions - will become the greatest body of spiritual power. Ocholyuvati organi politicheskoi vlady "Great Shepherd", on the mission of such O. Kont bachiv himself. Like the head law of sociocracy, the French thinker proclaimed: "Kohannya is like a principle, order is like a foundation and progress like a meta." Sociocratic powers will have established such orders, for which skins can be bound by all, but no one has the right to, but the right to bind one's own bonds. The supreme body of the svіtskoї vlady may be the triumvirate - the power of three dictators, hanging from the warehouse of the wealthy landowners, promissors and representatives of the trade and fable capital. The "priests" - venerable philosophers, clerics, representatives of the arts and religions - will become the greatest body of spiritual power. Ocholyuvati organi politicheskoi vlady "Great Shepherd", on the mission of such O. Kont bachiv himself.

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Podbag. Sociological look at O. Comte on the cob turned out to be unmarked, prote, for example XIX - on the cob of the XX century. Just look, they have become popular among the susplstvoznavtsiv both in the kraina and in Russia. The ideas of O. Kont have been developed in modern neo-positivist sociology. The positivism of O. Copta was recognized as the official ideology of Brazil, and the famous formula: "ORDER AND PROGRESS" was enshrined on the sovereign ensign.

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Sociologist August Comte Trained: 4th year student, group C10403 Dvoryankova Maria. Zmіst: Biography Etapi in the work of Auguste Comte Auguste Comte Suspіlstvo tretії stаdії Persha sotsialno-scientific kontsіya Power i pravo List dzherel Biography Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857) was born in the French city of Montpellier in the family of a financial official. From 1807 to 1814 study at the Lyceum of the same place. In the rest of the years, the beginnings, regardless of the youthful century, are filled with liberal and revolutionary ideas. Then we will move on to Paris, one of the best to go through the competition to the Higher Polytechnic School (we take systematic education in the gallery of natural sciences). The next important stage in Comte's life - 1817 - 1824 , if he works as Saint-Simon's secretary, being a yoga companion and friend. During this period, there are a few other small articles that deal with various social problems. From 1829 to 1842 vin write the main practice of your life "Course of positive philosophy" in six volumes. The first volume of viishov 1830 This book explores the principles of classification of sciences, positive philosophy and sociology. It is significant that the remaining three volumes of the "Course" contain the foundations of "social physics" (sociology). The fourth volume deals with the need to enforce sociological laws, and the fifth and sixth volumes formulate the most important (after Copt) x - the law of three stages. At 1844 p. sociologist publishes "Mirkuvannya about the spirit of positive philosophy", U 1848 - 1851 rr. - "Mirkuvannya about positivism in a flash", in 1851. - "Positivist catechism" (nastanova, povchannya, most often in viglyadі nutrition and vіdpovіdey), in 1851 - 1854 pp. - "The system of positive policy". In 1848 p. Comte is creating "Positive Sustainability", the task of which was to instruct the people in the soul of a positive svetoglyad. In the rest of the lives of wines, they often give lectures for workers, who, in a sharp form, sue the revolutionary spirit of the Parisian proletariat. Comte died on the 5th of spring 1857. in Paris, in a well-trained school near a booth on the streets of Messier-les-Prince. Stages in the work of Auguste Comte The positivism of Auguste Comte. The first period (1819 - 1828, may continue to grow with the hour of his practice with Saint-Simon), which is characterized by the vision of six small program creations - “opuscules”: : an idea about the special role of students in a new society; separation of two head epochs in the development of humankind (critical and organic); understand the principles of "positive politics"; "The Law of Three Stages". Another period (1830 - 1842): A 6-volume “Course of Positive Philosophy” is seen, the philosophical and scientific foundations of a positive light-gazer are being expanded, the inclusion of human and social world in the sacred system of light, and the natural order of human speeches are being observed. The third period (1845 - 1857): One sees "The System of Positive Politics, or Sociological Treatise, which founds the Religion of Humanity", "Positive Catechism", "Sub'active Synthesis". Positivism is viewed by Comte as a doctrine, in a kind of intellectual, scientific elements under moral, religious and political order. The social world is seen as a product of the sense, the will and the activity of the people. Auguste Comte's knowledge of science, Comte's thought is the greatest step in the development of knowledge. The most important kind of knowledge is scientific (positive) - reliable, more precisely, correct. Metaphysics is still inaccurate, unreliable, marne. Compared to the numerical utopian projects of the creation of an ideal suspility with the exact transfers of physics, the wines came to the visnovka, which is necessary in the suspіlny sciences to study utopias and, in part, the development of specific facts of social life, relatively describe and systematize them. Seeing philosophy as such, which imposes its principles. Therefore, the leaders of positive philosophy have taken into account the description, systematization and classification of specific results and developments in scientific knowledge. Science is not guilty of being put on the basis of what the appearance appears to be, but rather to be separated by a description of how it appears. Suspіlstvo of the third stage Zgіdno z Comte, the new positive suspіlstі will have classes of accomplices (kerіvnikіv) and robіtnikіv. The middle of the suspіlstva - Suvora ієєrarchіya. Power is being taken from the hands of manufacturers, farmers, bankers, merchants; They are subject to the “necessary social function” of how to create that capital management, molding the working areas. Philosophers of positivity and higher education deal with the spiritual and ideological problems of the future. It is political power to lie with the bankers, as they are rooted in the flocks of fahivtsiv. Comte vyhodiv scho for such an organization suspіlstvo self-adjustment and self-correct. Tse zhorstka, closed, self-regulating system, de leather element vikonuє its function. The basic law of Comte's sociology is "love as a principle, order as a foundation, progress as a meta." The first socially-scientific conception of Sociology (social physics) to Comte establishes the laws of the suspіlny rozvitkovі. Vіn podіlyaє sotsіologiyu on: social statics - a division of positive science about suspіlstvo - vyvchaє mind yogo stable foundation, a specific warehouse and interrelationship of elements, as well as the main public institutions - sіm'yu, religion, state; I can rightly with steady (“natural”) minds to establish whether there is any kind of suspіlny arrangement; institutions and minds - sіm'ya, podіl pratsі, cooperation ..., yakі splnі ta svіlnі vі for the suspіlstv be-yakої epoch; the main law of social statics is related to the fact that wines are related to each other in various aspects of life (economic, political, cultural); vyvchaє law order. social dynamics - the theory of historical social development, which is based on the belief in the progress of the human development and the recognition of the regular passage of the stages of its development; vivchae law the development of prosperity - law the progress, change the evolutionary stages. The power and the right The designated power is “to unite private forces for the common purpose and to delay the fatal weakness to a radical divergence in ideas, feelings and interests”. The state is responsible for the provision of social welfare for additional material and spiritual benefits, master orders (to go in the direction of the secular and spiritual authorities), dotrimannya of these sacred bindings of the skin member of the conspiracy. The main task of the positive philosophy of Comte, having respected the transformation of the social order, at the hour of which the sociocracy should be established: with the improvement of the social solidarity of the capitalists and the proletarians, and the bourgeoisie may emerge. The management of such a society can be secular (bankers, craftsmen and earthworkers) and spiritual (priests of the positive church). List of dzherel O. Comte: a short biographical sketch//Sociology Comte, Auguste//Material from Wikipedia - a free encyclopedia KONT, AUGUST//Encyclopedia Krugosvetlo AUGUST COMTE (1798 - 1857)