Look at the Chernobil Nuclear Power Plant. Chornobil at once
Almost 25 years have passed since the terrible event that shocked the whole world. In the wake of this catastrophe, the souls of people will continue to suffer for hundreds of years, and people will still suffer from its legacy more than once. The disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant – what happened and how will its legacy threaten us?
What happened to the Chornobyl disaster?
There is still no clear idea about what caused the disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Some confirm that the reason for the defective installation and rough grinding during the AES wake-up time. Another reason is the failure of the water circulation system, which ensured the cooling of the reactor. The third reconciliation, which ultimately revealed experiments with permissible vantage, was carried out at the station on that ominous night, during which there was a gross violation of the operating rules. Four times, as if there was a dry concrete bucket over the reactor, as if they had caught it, such an increase in radiation would not have happened.
More than anything else, this greedy fortune became possible through the combination of overinsurance factors – including all of them. Human hopelessness, acting “at random” in the diets that worry about life and death, and the constant acquisition of information about what happened to the side of Radyan’s rule, led to the results of such three-year moons it will be heard by more than one generation of people all over the world .
Chornobyl disaster. Chronicle of the day
The vibration at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant occurred in the dead of night on April 26, 1986. At the scene of the fire, a team of fire fighters was called out. Courageous and important people, they were shocked by the treatment and radiation treatment, which went off scale, immediately realized what had happened. Without thinking, the team of 30 people rushed to fight the evil one. They wore emergency helmets and boots made of dry clothes - of course, the stench could not protect the fire workers from high doses of radiation. These people have not been alive for a long time, all of them at one time died a painful death from the cancer that infected them.
They extinguished the flames early in the morning. However, uranium and graphite debris were scattered throughout the territory of the nuclear power plant, which contributed to radiation. The worst thing is that the people of Radyan did not immediately know about the disaster that happened at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. This made it possible to maintain calm and avoid panic - the very thing that was sought by power, which closed the eyes on those at which the price would be for people of her ignorance. The population, as if nothing had happened, remained calm for two whole days after the explosion, which had become mortally unsafe, overlooking nature, until the river, on a warm spring day, children were on the streets for a long time. And everyone took in large doses of radiation.
And the 28th quarter was devastated by another evacuation. 1,100 buses in a column transported the population of Chornobyl, Pripyat and many other settlements. People left their cabins and everything that was in them - they were allowed to take with them the least known person or person for a few days.
A zone with a radius of 30 km was recognized as a zone of alienation, not attached to human life. Water, thinness and vegetation on this territory were found to be unattainable before adaptation and carried risks for health.
The temperature in the reactor in the first few days reached 5000 degrees – it was impossible to go any higher. A radioactive gloom hung over the AES, as trichy overtook the Earth. To bring him to the ground, the reactor was bombed from helicopters with sand and watered, the effect of these actions was negligible. The wind revealed 77 kg of radiation - nearly a hundred atomic bombs were dropped on Chornobil overnight.
The majestic river was dug during the Chaes. It was filled with reactor surplus, scraps of concrete walls, and clothing from the robotic liquidators of the disaster. For the past month, the reactor has been sealed with concrete (aka a sarcophagus) to prevent the flow of radiation.
In 2000, the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant was closed. Work is still underway on the Ukrittya project. There is no need for the necessary pennies for the new Ukraine, for which Chornobyl has become a total “downfall” in the USSR.
The tragedy of the century, they wanted to welcome
Who knows how long ago the Radyansky order “incident” came to be, as if the weather was bad. The strong winds and planks that so unexpectedly passed through Europe spread radiation throughout the world. The worst hit was in Ukraine, Belarus and the rainy regions of Russia, as well as in Finland, Sweden, Germany, and Great Britain.
For the first time, new figures for radiation treatment were reported by the nuclear power plant workers at Forsmark (Sweden). In the wake of the Radyan order, they hastened to immediately evacuate all the people living in the adjacent territory, first establishing that the problem is not in their reactor, but in the transmission source of the threat to the SRSR.
And two days after Forsmark sounded the radioactive alarm, US President Ronald Reagan held in his hands photographs of the scene of the disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, produced by a custom satellite of the CIA. Those who were depicted on them would be afraid to tell a person with a very stable psyche.
At that time, as the periodical news of the whole world spoke of the insecurity that resulted from the Chornobyl disaster, the Radian press made a modest statement about those who experienced an “unfortunate fall” at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
The Chornobyl disaster has its legacy
The legacy of the Chernobyl disaster made itself felt in the first month after the earthquake. People who lived in the territories that lay before the tragedy died from bloody and apoplectic strokes.
The likvіdatori dashed avari: Iz is nitrous Kilkosti Lіkvіdatorv in 600,000 near 100,000 people in the same way - the stinks of the evil puffy so ruinuvannia of the systems of bloodlessness died. The lives of other liquidators cannot be called carefree - they suffer from numerous illnesses, cancer, disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems. These same health problems loom for many of the evacuated and affected populations in the adjacent territories.
The sad legacy of the Chernobil disaster for children. Developmental delays, thyroid cancer, mental disorders and a decrease in the body's balance and all types of illness - this is what affected children who knew they had failed.
However, the worst thing is that the legacy of the Chernobil disaster has reached as many people as were living at that time. Problems with vaginitis, frequent births, stillborn children, frequent birth of children with genetic disorders (Down syndrome, etc.), weakened immunity, a number of patients susceptible to childhood leukemia, More and more cancer patients – all before the disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, not soon. When will it come...
More than a few people suffered as a result of the Chernobyl disaster—everything alive on Earth suffered the deadly power of radiation. As a result of the Chornobyl disaster, mutants appeared - people with various deformations on the surface of people and creatures. A horse with five legs, a body with two heads, fish and birds of unnaturally majestic sizes, giant mushrooms, newborns with deformations of the head and ends - photos of the remains of the Chernobyl disaster and the greedy testimonies of humans not enough.
The lesson taught to humanity by the Chernobyl disaster was not appreciated by people. Everything is so important that we put it down to a happy life, so we can make the most of the riches given to us by nature, everything we need “here and now.” Who knows, perhaps, the disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant became the beginning of a path to which humanity will take the best path...
Film about the Chernobil disaster
Everyone who has a problem will enjoy the lengthy documentary film “The Battle of Chornobil”. You can watch this video right here online without any costs. I'll have a good look at it!
Find more videos on youtube.com
Ask now if you can live in Chornobyl, if you can live in Pripyat and if you can live there in oblivion, without personality.
In order to become familiar with these foods, you must guess how everything happened and what happened after all.
Chornobil
A place of small size with a population of over 10 thousand individuals was and is located forty kilometers from the Black Sea.
The place is ancient, founded back in 1193 and may have a rich history, this history is briefly described in article “B”.
The locality in which the place is located was found to be of little effectiveness at that time and was designated as a territory for the development of a nuclear power plant.
That's what the station was called. After the accident at the station, the place was reduced to an exclusion zone, and many residents were evacuated.
At the same time, the residents of the town of Chornobyl evacuated all the inhabitants of the settlements that reached the exclusion zone, in total there were 80 settlements.
Exclusion zone
The place was funded by 80 thousand inhabitants, but had not exhausted its resources, at the time of evacuation the population of the place was 47 thousand people, 17 thousand of them were children, 80 thousand people were on pensions. ill, 500 women were pregnant at the time of the accident.
The place woke up on 16 days.
Since the place of Pripyat had little status as an atomic city and was often closed as an object, the settlement was an absolutely secret and closed place.
Set up a larger garrison with a number of cabins for families of military servicemen. It’s difficult to recognize him on the map, it’s easier to get to know the habits of the evacuated people and their pictures.
What the garrison of the closed place was doing is still unknown. The existence of this object became known at the time of the accident, and more widely from the opinions of children who lived in this place.
What happened
Just a few power units are ready, two units are at the operational stage.
The life of the station itself began in 1970, the station operated for 14 years.
On April 26, 1986, at about 1:23, it hit the fourth power unit of the station. As a result, the nuclear reactor was completely destroyed and a fire began.
Inherited by the vibuhu was the selection of isotopes of radioactive substances in the middle part:
- uranium
- plutonium
- iodine-131 (period of decline - 8 days)
- cesium-134 (period of decline – 2 years)
- cesium-137 (decay period – 30 years)
- strontium-90 (period of decline - 28.8 years)
As a result, two people died, after the signal was given about the sleepers before the Chernobyl crisis, two pieces of the fire appeared, one of which was traveling from Pripyat.
No one and no one will be prepared for such accidents. The firemen did not have any unique protection against radiation.
Most of them, having taken off a very large dose of intoxication, all they had to do was extinguish the need.
In addition to radiation and obvious problems, there was another problem, it was necessary to measure the level of radiation in terms of terminology.
For vimirs, high-precision equipment was used, one device was in good condition, and access to another device was blocked.
Some of the fire fighters and fire workers were directed to clear access to the device, which was ready to be completed in two years. At 3:30 the radiation measurement was started, and at 6:00 it was completely extinguished.
The collapse and the aftermath of the fire made it impossible to assess the reactor plant, and it took a few more years to complete the stage of its destruction.
At the beginning of the year there was still hope for a good result, a report was sent to Moscow about the normalization of the situation.
Just before 23:00 the news was cut off, the displays went off scale, and the decision about the urgent evacuation of the population was praised.
How the evacuation was planned
Of course, those who understood the wide range of radioactive substances rushed to independently deprive the contaminated area immediately, but few people succeeded.
There are a number of obvious reasons for this:
There was no Stilnikov connection, but the pagers showed up a little later. Not everyone had a telephone installed, but there was a problem with them, the telephone connection simply did not work. Moreover, the zone suffered no less, there was no connection with Kiev. The majority of the population, especially the human population, was involved in the liquidation of the heirs and was at the TEA. Call home and tell them about those who need to go because they couldn’t.
Minimal information content of the population. No one knew what kind of world the confusion had become. It’s clear that this was the era of atomic research, but no chemical dosimeters were used at home.
Everyone was still hopeful about the positive result.
Evacuation of Chornobil-2
As a closed object has been evacuated, we can judge by Andriy Shabanov’s guesses. At the time of the accident, he was 10 years old.
That early morning before school, all the activities were completed, and only during the rest of the lesson the teacher announced that there had been an accident near the town of Pripyat.
What happened, without explaining to anyone, the fathers said. All schoolchildren were ordered to return home and not lose their apartments.
At night the family was happy, Andriy was not present, but his mother took him away early in the morning.
At the same time, my mother’s friend with her children and a number of neighboring children, whose fathers were at the place for days, were deprived of their place.
It was impossible for all the military people to leave the place voluntarily. The entire garrison took part in the liquidation of the accident, after which it was transferred to a new place of service.
Evacuation of Pripyat
In order to evacuate 47 thousand people, two thousand buses are needed.
No other place can boast of such a great fleet of vehicles. The administration of the region needs an hour to collect the required volume of transport, arrange its refueling, instruct the drivers, manage its activities with the military and decide where to go.
Buses were picked up everywhere, from Kiev bus stations. The country has suffered a transport collapse, no one, no matter what, don’t sell tickets at train stations, people of the Raj won’t be deprived of their booths.
Even before the 12th year of the 27th quarter, the necessary amount of transport was collected in the area of the town of Chornobil.
At night, the administration of the city of Pripyat conducted a briefing for administrative staff, a conversation was held with the staff of the hospital, schools, and kindergartens.
All public places were disinfected as much as possible before the start of the day. The government's nice and extra water tanks were placed near all the toilets.
It was necessary to repeat the preparation of the ingredients immediately. All schools were opened in France, all children were monitored by a routine procedure, and medical staff started dispensing tablets to replace iodine.
Within two years, the schoolchildren were sent home. An off-site briefing has begun at the site.
Chronology of evacuation
At about 12:20 the briefing was held at the local police department. The place was divided into six sectors. Behind the skin attachment, two police officers were seen on the skin under the living room.
At about 12:30, police officers arrived at their place and began instructing the locals.
At about 13:10 an official statement was broadcast on the radio:
“Respect, Shan’s comrades! The City Council of People's Deputies informs that due to the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant near the town of Pripyat, an unpleasant radiation situation is developing. Party and government bodies, military units are taking necessary steps. However, in order to ensure the complete safety of people, and especially children, there is a need to carry out an immediate evacuation of local residents to more populated areas in the Kiev region. For every day of the week today, the twenty-seventh week, starting from fourteen zero-zero years, a bus will be available, accompanied by police officers and representatives of the Moscow Railways. It is recommended to take with you documents, including necessary documents, and also, at first glance, food products. The plant and installation managers have identified the number of cleaners who will be available on site to ensure the normal functioning of the site's facilities. All living quarters will be protected by police officers during the evacuation period. Comrades, who are currently losing their lives, do not forget, kindly, to close the windows, turn on the electric and gas appliances, and turn off the water taps. We ask you to maintain calm, orderliness and order during the temporary evacuation.”
At about 14:00, the removal of tourists by buses began, and the place was evacuated until 16:30.
At about 18:00, police officers began a repeat round of apartments to check with any local residents.
Together with the police officers from the remaining ones, the place was taken away by the police officers of the administration and members of the expert commission. A sharpening was placed at the edges of the place.
Evacuation of Chornobil
If they were evacuated later, the remaining fragments were found in the Black Sea. The evacuation of the locals was carried out according to an already established scheme.
The police detectives went around the apartments and cabins and explained everything to the locals. They set an hour for the gathering and placed the baggage travelers in buses.
Evacuation of female wives
Just as the locals of the villages where the citizens were evacuating sensed sleepiness before them, the medical staff sensed fear of these people.
All the female women of the place Pripyat and Chornobyl were collected at the sanatorium “Ukraine”.
The space was located in two buildings. At the first building they placed the women who had already given birth, those who were preparing to be discharged at the time of the accident.
In another building they placed female wives with different terms. The position was flexible, the medical staff was constantly in a position to interrupt the vaginosis at any time.
Women didn’t make such mistakes. Some of them, especially those who, having had minor periods of vomiting, were treated for medical treatment, which, unfortunately, is not a very lasting legacy for a woman’s body.
Women who were at the high stage of pregnancy were subjected to the tests of the frontal canopies, and this practice was adopted.
The medical staff simply had to catch the species as the nozzles were dripping and flowing through the windows.
The dosimeter readings were off the charts, and everyone had to experience better things. After the successful birth, the women spent several more months under the supervision of doctors.
Like the last ones, the stench was obvious. But the doctors didn’t even know what to do with them after all.
Tim Vagitnym, who had the privilege of staying at the “Ukraine” sanatorium, had the chance to experience such a setup.
The police ransacked them, kept them safe until the last moment, and showed up at the doctor's office at the time of the canopy.
Kudi was evacuated
All the locals were placed near many villages, and the heads of the villages were informed ahead of time.
They brought two or more buses to the village, and the head of the village divided the evacuees into booths.
As people who survived the evacuation say, there were no quarrels, everything was settled on the basis of rumors and understandings, they were shared with each other and speeches.
Some people then went to their relatives, those who had no one to go to, found new budins. New cabins were built at an accelerated pace in the Kiev region.
Radiation near Chornobili
As of today, some of the radioactive sources have already disintegrated, but the zone will still be left contaminated.
If clearing is carried out from obstructed territories, then it can be assumed that as a result of the explosion of the bomb in these places, a crisis was created, which expanded the awkward speeches.
Part of them burned at the moment of the explosion, and the territory was divided instantly. Before the end of the war, the pain of Hirosimi's bomb was felt hundreds of times, and the speeches continued for 30 days.
The level of radiation in Chernobil is much lower, even in the first days after the accident, the isotopes Iodine-131, Cesium-134 and Cobalt-60 have almost completely disintegrated until now.
And the axis of America-241 and Plutonium-239 will have thousands more rocks in the ground. Also, if the radiation in Chornobyl completely disappears, we will hardly be with you.
If Chornobil becomes safe, the number of inhabitants will increase, it is impossible to say that it will be richer. But after all, you will not be so deserted.
You can live in Chornobyl and Pripyat now, but you cannot taste the agricultural products and drink the local water.
This is the main problem for settlement and the main reason why you cannot live in Pripyat.
Are you alive near Pripyat?
The place has a small number of inhabitants, most of which are called stalkers, who hunt for foreign enemies. The CHAES spy tanks are located near the Chornobyl town.
Is Chornobili still alive?
So, people are procrastinating at Chornobili. They live peacefully, they come here on a rotational basis. The watch lasts no more than two days, after which the guards wear clothes.
When to renew Chornobil
Of course, since people live in a place, it is possible to renew it. However, Ukraine, which requires enormous financial resources and is plagued by political evils, has no such capabilities.
If you can turn around to Pripyat
Several people returned to Pripyat two years later and settled in rural villages. It is impossible to say that it is legal and safe, but people are encouraged to leave, and the order of the new evacuation does not go unnoticed.
There are about five hundred such people.
Chornobyl disaster. The accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant affected the whole world, including its own.
If many people think that the Chernobil accident immediately took a lot of lives, it is not so. One operator died under the influence of an injury, the remains of which are still buried under the rigors, and the other died from injuries and injuries in the hospital.
When Chornobyl vibrated, there were a number of impacts (most eyewitnesses confirm that there were two vibrations), the exact hour was 04/26/1986 at 01:23:47 (Saturday).
The reactor is built in less than three hours.
Already after the collapse of the CHAES and after the liquidation began, 31 people died over the course of 3 months (through accidents), which were carried out in the first years after the death.
For liquidation robots, the result was over a million people. The accident at Chornobili took the lives of up to 80,000 people after a long-term accident.
134 of them were in the acute stage of promenean illness (the first people who arrived at the call).
What is Chornobil
The place took its name from Polina, and for a long time it was called Chernobilnik.
Nina’s minds have become too middle-class (rain, wind, etc.), and also as a result, the activity of people on earth has decreased dramatically.
After an hour, radioactive substances have already entered the ground and are consumed from agricultural products through the root system.
It is not safe to plant berries, mushrooms in forests, the fragments in cesium are recycled there and so the final wines are not removed. Don't worry about the fish.
There is a lot of mutation after the explosion of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant. The investigation showed that it would last, but not in a meaningful way.
The proliferation of people and their influx into nature has created a positive influx on the ecosystem. Now the flora and fauna there are smelly, the populations of creatures and plants have grown.
31 years after the incident, people are still wondering what happened to Chornobili. Even this accident ended it.
I would like to understand that there are different types of accidents and events.
Myths and facts
On April 26, 1986, there was an accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The remains of the greatest catastrophe in the history of the peaceful atom are still exhausted by the Fahivians from all over the world.
The Russian nuclear industry has undergone a modernization program, practically outdated technological solutions have been revised and systems have been broken down, which, according to the fakists, completely eliminate the possibility of such an accident ii.
We learn about the myths surrounding the Chernobyl accident and the lessons drawn from it.
FACTS
The worst disaster in the history of the peaceful atom
The life of the first building of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant began in 1970, and the place of Pripyat was established for the service personnel. On June 27, 1977, the first power unit of the station with the RBMK-1000 reactor was built with a weight of 1 thousand. MW was connected to the power system of the Radyansky Union. Later, three more power units came into operation, and the station’s energy output reached 29 billion kilowatt-years.
On June 9, 1982, the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant suffered its first accident - during the test run of the 1st power unit, one of the technological channels of the reactor collapsed, and the graphite lining of the core was deformed. There were no injuries; the liquidation of the NP residues took nearly three months.
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It was planned to shut down the reactor (at which time the emergency cooling system was turned off) and measure the generator indicators.
There was no way to shut down the reactor safely. On the 1st year of 23rd, there was a fire and a fire at the power unit.
The accident became the worst disaster in the history of nuclear energy: the entire reactor core was destroyed, causing the power unit to frequently collapse, causing a significant loss of radioactive materials in the middle.
In the middle of nowhere, one person died in a blowout - pump operator Valery Khodemchuk (his body could not be discovered under the rubble), and on the same day, the driver in the medical unit died due to the removal of his guards and a spinal injury, automation system engineer Volodymyr Shashenok.
On April 27, the town of Pripyat was evacuated (47 thousand 500 people), and in the following days, the population of the 10-kilometer zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was evacuated. Throughout the entire course of 1986, approximately 116 thousand were settled in the 30-kilometer exclusion zone near the station from 188 settlements. osib.
The intensity of the fire was 10 dB, during which hour the total output of radioactive materials in the middle part reached about 14 exabecquerels (about 380 million curies).
Over 200 thousand have been identified with radioactive contamination. sq. km, of which 70% are in the territory of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.
The most polluted areas were the outer areas of the Kiev and Zhytomyr regions. Ukrainian RSR, Gomel region. Belarusian RSR and Bryansk region. RRFSR.
Radioactive fallout fell near the Leningrad region, Mordovia and Chuvashia.
Over the years, the problem has been identified in Norway, Finland and Sweden.
The first short official information about the NP was sent to TARS on the 28th quarter. According to the words of the great General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachov, in an interview with the BBC in 2006, the Yuletide feather grass demonstrations in Kiev and other places were not affected by those that the government of the country has many “repeated pictures” and what happened" and I was afraid of panic middle of the population. Since the 14th of May, Mikhailo Gorbachov has appeared on television, having confirmed the true scale of the event.
The Radyansk State Commission, while investigating the causes of the incident, blamed the disaster on the plant's operating personnel and personnel. The creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Nuclear Safety Advisory Committee (INSAG) was established in 1986, confirming the constitution of the Radian Commission.
Tassivtsi near Chornobili
One of the first journalists at the scene of the accident in Ukrainian Poliss, to reveal the truth about a man-made disaster unprecedented in history, was Volodymyr Itkin. As a true hero-reporter, he revealed himself in the hour of disaster. This material was published in almost all newspapers of the region.
And just a few days after the earthquake, the world was struck by photographs of the ruins of the fourth power unit, which was discovered by TARS photojournalist Valery Zufarov and his Ukrainian colleague Volodymyr Repik. Then, in the early days, flying around the power plant on a helicopter together with the previous ones, fixing all the details of the nuclear power plant, they did not worry about the benefits for their health. The helicopter, which the correspondents caught, was hovering just 25 meters above the blast hole.
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Valery already knew that he had “saved up” a large dose, and had not continued to quit his professional commitment, creating photo chronicles of this tragedy for the people.
Reporters were working around the mouth of the reactor during the wake-up call of the sarcophagus.
For these photographs, Valery paid with his death in 1996. Zufarov had a lot of honors - including the “Golden Eye”, which is awarded by World Press Photo.
Among the journalists who may have the status of liquidator of the Chernobyl accident is a correspondent in Chisinau, Valery Demidetsky. In the fall of 1986, in the direction of Chornobyl, as a person who is already small in the right to the atom, Valery served on a nuclear submarine and knew that such radiation was not safe.
“Most of all,” he guesses, “there were people fighting there. True heroes. They understood well what to do, day and night. Pripyat struck. It’s a beautiful place, where the AES workers lived, having guessed the “Stalker” zone of Tarkovsky. , scattered children’s toys, thousands of abandoned cars.”
– for information from TARS
Go to hell
One of the first to take part in the liquidation of the accident were fire fighters. The signal about fire was received at the AES on April 26, 1986. 28 hv. Even before the accident, there were 240 people in the special warehouse of the Kiev Regional Fire Department.
The government commission was called upon to provide military chemical protection to assess the radiation situation and military helicopters to provide assistance in the fire-extinguished active zone. Until that hour, a few thousand people were working on the emergency Maidan.
Representatives of the radiation control service, the Gromadyansk Defense Forces, the Khimviysk Ministry of Defense, the State Hydrometeorological Service and the Ministry of Health were working at the accident zone.
In addition to eliminating the accident, the current task included mitigation of the radiation situation at the nuclear power plant and monitoring of radioactive contamination of natural media, evacuation of the population, protection of the exclusion zone, it was installed after the disaster.
The doctors monitored the accidents and carried out the necessary medical and preventive visits.
Zokrem, at various stages of liquidation of the consequences of the accident, the following was involved:
Type 16 to 30 thousand. from various departments for decontamination robots;
There are over 210 military units and subdivisions with a total number of 340 thousand. There are over 90 thousand military servicemen. military servicemen during the most critical period from the beginning of the century to 1986;
18.5 thousand. police officers of internal affairs bodies;
Ponad 7 thousand. radiological laboratories and sanitary stations;
The price is close to 600 thousand. The liquidators from so many Soviet Socialist Republics took their part in the fire and cleansing.
Immediately after the accident, the station's work was interrupted. The reactor shaft, which had swelled, with burning graphite, was filled from helicopters with boron carbide, lead and dolomite, and after the completion of the active stage of the accident - with latex, rubber and other sawdust materials (to the end nearly 11 thousand 400 tons of dry rubles were thrown off).
After the first, most severe stage, all efforts to localize the accident focused on the creation of a special dry spore, called a sarcophagus (object "Ukrittya").
Finally, in 1986, a special organization was formed, which included several construction and assembly plants, concrete plants, mechanization management, motor transport, energy supply and others. The work was carried out continuously, in shifts, the number of which amounted to 10 thousand. people
During the period from linden to fall of leaves in 1986, a concrete sarcophagus with a height of over 50 m and an external dimension of 200 by 200 m was built, which covered the 4th power unit of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, after which the waste of radioactive elements was dumped. During the course of the day, an unfortunate accident occurred: two Mi-8 helicopters caught their shovels on the cable of an overhead crane and fell on the territory of the station, killing several members of the crew.
In the middle of "Ukrittya" there is no less than 95% of the discarded nuclear waste from the destroyed reactor, including about 180 tons of uranium-235, and also about 70 thousand. tons of radioactive metal, concrete, slag-like mass, tens of tons of radioactive sawdust with an activity of over 2 million curies.
"Ukrittya" is under threat
The world's largest international structures - from energy concerns to financial corporations - will continue to help Ukraine solve the growing problems of residual cleanup of the Chornobyl zone.
The main shortcoming of the sarcophagus is its leakage (the hidden area of the cracks reaches 1 thousand sq. m).
Guarantees for the operation of the old "Ukrittya" were insured until 2006, then in 1997 the region of the "Simka" came to the Duma about the need for the continuation of "Ukrittya-2", which would cover the outdated design .
At this time, a large zahisna sporuda “New Careless Confinement” will be erected - an arch that will be placed on top of the “Ukrittya”. In the spring of 2019, fate was informed that it was 99% ready and had undergone trial testing.
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Work on the construction of another sarcophagus will probably end in 2015, but has been postponed more than once. The main reason for the shutdown is said to be a “serious shortage of funds.”
The total cost of completing the project, which includes the storage of the sarcophagus, is 2.15 billion euros. With this, the cost of building the sarcophagus itself will be 1.5 billion euros.
675 million euros contributed by the EBRD. When required, the bank is ready to finance the budget deficit for this project.
Up to 10 million euros (5 million euros each) - an additional contribution to the Chernobil fund - praising the contribution to the order of Russia in 2016-2017.
180 million euros were pledged to other international donors.
$40 million mala nadati USA.
Actors from the Arab countries and the People's Republic of China also declared their desire to make donations to the Chornobyl Foundation.
Myths about the accident
There is a great gap between scientific knowledge about the legacy of the accident and enormous thought. Remaining in most of the episodes is due to the influx of the blamed Chernobil mythology, which may have little relation to the real legacy of the disaster, which is indicated in the Institute for Problems of Safe Development of Nuclear Energy Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE RAS).
Inadequate response to radiation concerns, according to the Fakhivists, may be due to objective, specific historical reasons, among them:
The government's explanation of the causes and real consequences of the accident;
Ignorance of the population of the elementary fundamentals of the physics of processes that occur both in the field of nuclear energy and in the field of radiation and radioactive influx;
Hysteria in snakes is provoked by unknown reasons;
Numerous social problems on a federal-federal scale, which have become good grounds for the rapid creation of myths, etc.
Indirect damage from the accident is associated with socio-psychological and socio-economic consequences, which means more than direct damage from Chernobil radiation.
Myth 1
The accident affected the health of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of people
According to the data of the Russian National Radiation-Epidemiological Register (NRER), the disease was detected in 134 individuals who were at the emergency site in the first place. Of these, 28 died within a few months after the accident (27 in Russia), 20 died from various causes over a period of 20 years.
Over the past 30 years, NRER has recorded 122 cases of leukemia among liquidators. 37 of them could have been induced by Chernobil radiation. A greater number of illnesses due to other types of oncology among liquidators was not recorded compared to other groups of the population.
In the period from 1986 to 2011 there were 195 thousand. Almost 40 thousand of Russian liquidators registered with the NRER died from various causes. people, their mortality rates did not exceed the average values of the population of the Russian Federation.
According to NREP data at the end of 2015, out of 993 cases of thyroid cancer in children and children (at the time of the accident), 99 could be associated with radiation exposures.
No other consequences for the population have been recorded, and all the myths that have developed are essentially simple, and experts respect the stereotypes about the scale of the radiological consequences of the accident for the health of the population. These findings were confirmed 30 years after the disaster.
Curies, becquerels, sieverts – which ones have a value?
Radioactivity is the ability of certain natural elements and artificial radioactive isotopes to disintegrate, being invisible and not perceivable by humans.
To suppress the amount of radioactive speech or activity, two units are used: the system-by-system unit curie that one bequerel, adopted from the International System of Units (SI).
At the center of the body and living organisms, an ionizing effect of viprominion is infused, which is characterized by a dose of viprominution or replenishment.
The greater the dose of infusion, the greater the stage of ionization. One dose itself can accumulate in an hour, and the biological effect of the reaction can only depend on the dose size and the time it accumulates. The faster the dose is taken, the greater the hostile action.
Various types of vipromony produce different adverse effects with one dose of viprominuvan. All national and international standards have been updated to an equal extent. System by system unit of dose є ber, and systems CI – zevert(Sv).
The first intercessor of the director of the Institute for Problems of Safe Development of Nuclear Energy of the Russian Academy of Sciences Rafael Harutyunyan clarifies that it is necessary to analyze the additional doses accumulated by residents of the Chernobil zones during the years that have passed since the accident, then from 2.8 million Russians, who or flowing through the area:
2.6 million were fed less than 10 millisverts. This is five times less than the average light dose compared to the natural radiation background;
Less than 2 thousand. Additional doses of over 120 millisverts were taken. This is one to two times less than the dose of penetration for residents of countries such as Finland.
For this very reason, it is important to believe that the middle population is not and cannot beware of any radiological consequences other than the already diagnosed thyroid cancer.
According to data from scientists from the Scientific Center for Radiation Medicine of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, out of 2.34 million people living in the contaminated territories of Ukraine, approximately 9 people died from cancer in the 12 years after the disaster 4,800 people, approximately 750 people died due to “Chornobil” crayfish .
For comparison: among 2.8 million people, regardless of the place of their residence, the incidence of cancer, not related to the radiation factor, increases from 4 to 6 thousand, then in 30 years - in ID 90 to 170 thousand. deaths.
What doses are lethal?
Natural radiation, as well as various medical procedures, lead to the fact that the skin of a person immediately receives an average equivalent dose of 2 to 5 millisoverts.
For people who work professionally with radioactive materials, the normal equivalent dose should not exceed 20 millisoverts.
A lethal dose is considered to be 8 ziverts, and a half-life dose, for which half of the population of the population is treated, is 4-5 ziverts.
At the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, nearly thousands of people who were on duty at the reactor at the time of the disaster took doses ranging from 2 to 20 zv, which in a number of cases was fatal.
For liquidators, the average dose was close to 120 milliseverts.
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Myth 2.
Genetic legacy of the Chernobyl accident for a thirsty humanity
According to Harutyunyan, world science for 60 years of scientific research has not detected any genetic defects in humans in the inheritance of radiation from their fathers.
This rule is confirmed by the results of constant care both for the victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and for subsequent generations.
The transmutation of genetic variations has not been recorded until the average statistical data.
20 years after Chornobyl, the International Commission of Radiological Protection in its recommendations in 2007 reduced the values of hypothetical risks almost 10 times.
Nowadays I have other thoughts. Based on the research of Doctor of Sciences from Silsky Podar, Valeriy Glazk:
After the disaster, not everyone who will be born is celebrated.
It is important to create less specialized ones, or those that can provide greater resistance to adverse factors in the middle of the form.
The answer to the same doses of ionizing agents lies in the fact that they are new to the population.
It is important that the real legacy of the Chernobil accident on the human population will be available for analysis until 2026, the remainder of the generation that was lost under the direct influence of the accident, until the mother now begins ї і people chew children.
Myth 3
Nature suffered even more severely than people during the accident at the nuclear power plant
At Chornobyl there was an unprecedentedly large release of radionuclides into the atmosphere, at which point the Chernobyl accident is considered the most important man-made accident in human history. Today, everywhere, except in the most congested areas, the dose intensity has returned to the background level.
The results of the destruction of flora and fauna were noticeable especially from the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the boundaries of the exclusion zone.
The paradigm of radioecology is such that as soon as people are stolen, they are stolen in large quantities, says Professor Harutyunyan. Just as the influx of radiation on healthy people is minimal, then the influx into nature will be even less. The threshold for negative influences on flora and fauna is 100 times greater, lower for humans.
The release into nature after the accident was avoided due to the damaged power unit, where the dose of the trees in the last 2 years reached 2000 roentgens (for the so-called “ore fox”). At the moment, the entire natural environment here has been completely renewed and has blossomed due to the sharp change in anthropogenic influx.
Myth 4
The resettlement of people from the town of Pripyat and adjacent territories was poorly organized
The evacuation of residents of the 50,000-person town was carried out quickly, Harutyunyan confirms. Regardless of those who, according to official standards, the evacuation was obligatory for each dose of 750 mSv, the decision about it was accepted for the predicted dose level of less than 250 mSv. Which completely corresponds to the current reasonable criteria for emergency evacuation. The information about people taking large doses of radiation poisoning during the evacuation is not true, according to popular belief.
An unlucky hour. While the people of the USSR have a hard time guessing the events that took place, for the new generation it is basically as far away spiritually and geographically as the Japanese Fukushima. Then the disaster at the Nuclear Power Plant brought the respect of all the burghers of the Radyansky Union. Newspapers, television, rozmovi and booths in that period often exploded before her. Why was there actually an atomic explosion at the Chornobyl station, with certainty no one doubted who was to blame, as evidenced by the evidence of how far the radioactive fallout had spread - the axis of the emergency overflow of food about the accident. Today, since 30 years have passed, there has been interest for a long time. Without food, how can people live near Chornobili, and where do they wash after the radioactive contamination of the place?
It's not gra
Everyone who has ever visited the computer program “Stalker” knows the places of Pripyat, Chornobil. This is the same episode, if it is more important to spend the time given by the Chernobil Nuclear Power Plant, the catastrophe that happened at the 4th power unit, about those where people live in the abandoned Chernobil at the same time.
Much has been written about these ideas. Briefly:
The current camp and the future of Chornobyl
After the initial cessation of the accident, and then the existence of a dry sarcophagus over the destroyed power unit, the number of people who were in the exclusion zone changed sharply.
Since then, there has been no need to finance the work, and interest in the unexpected Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant has ceased. Who accepted the political and economic changes that wove the Radian Union. It’s interesting what is happening there, and how are other people living near Chornobile at the same time.
As in the beginning, the main inhabitants are the workers of the dry spores at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, who come here to work on a rotational basis, building a new dry sarcophagus. There are also dozens of regular bourgeois, including those who returned to their huts after the organized hanging. They are called “self-settlers”. If you want to go to the exclusion zone for tourists, or for organized tourists, you can only get through a specially issued time-of-hour crossing, do not bother the local residents, and lead a basic life. Most of them are people of advanced age, who did not dare to be separated from the real Chernobil.
Whether people live in Chornobyl at once or live at a distance - this is the food of the hour, the great expenditures on the territory brought to a safe state, the repeated utilization of living objects, the technological possession of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. At this hour, the work of a new, reliable sarcophagus-zakhist is underway - the “Ukrittya” object. The work is likely to end in 2018.
