Traders of the Russian land. “I will bring wealth to the Fatherland, I will deprive myself of it”: great Russian entrepreneurs and philanthropists the Stroganovs
For many centuries, the Stroganov dynasty was one of the richest and most profitable in Russia. Their representatives played an important role in the conquered Siberian lands, there were churches, they were engaged in enlightenment, and they became famous as philanthropists and collectors of mystical objects. From ordinary merchants, the Stroganovs grew to become the most prominent noble family.
The first representative of the former dynasty is Anika Stroganov. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, he expanded the family right, earning his first crown for the Urals, in search of new places for the production of salt - the main source of family wealth.
The merchant established churches in new lands, buying expensive books, icons and relics for them.
Anika's blues continued and expanded Father's right. They organized Ermak’s march to Siberia, and founded a number of stone churches. Among them is the Transfiguration Church near Solvichegodsk, which has been preserved to this day.
Stroganova was inspired by church architecture. The tent-shaped dome, expanded in Pomeranian wooden architecture, was built during the building of St. Basil's Cathedral in the capital and other masterpieces of church architecture.
Century XVII
At the special craftsmanship, the painters developed a special focus on Stroganovsky iconography. Having expanded the choral church singing, the musician Diletsky, who served with the Stroganovs, benefited greatly. Previously, during the hour of temple services, one-lose viconanne was practiced._(before_1715%2C_Odessa)%2C.jpg) |
| Grigory Dmitrovich Stroganov (1656 – 1715) |
Century XVIII
Stroganov's barons also splurged on collecting objects of mysticism. With the help of the great Rastrelli, Sergiy Grigorovich founded the Stroganov Palace near St. Petersburg and placed an art gallery there. This is how the famous Stroganov collection was born. Years later, Sergei Grigorovich’s son Alexander continued the family tradition and became, in essence, the first Russian philanthropist.In his youth, the famous Katherine nobleman Alexander Stroganov traveled to Europe, collecting collections of paintings and books. Great hostility was directed at the baron from the huge libraries. In Russia, a similar pledge was made for Paul I, and Stroganov was appointed as his director. As a new sovereign, the Stroganovs also rejected the title of count and the title of president of the Academy of Mysteries.
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| President of the Academy of Mysteries Count A.S. Stroganov |
The first Count Stroganov collected a magnificent collection of paintings and sculptures, building a great special library. At the end of the century, we began to celebrate the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg. Including Russian architects and artists took their part in everyday life. The Kazan Cathedral became a symbol of the heroism of the Russian people during the war of 1812; Kutuzov's gunpowder was used here for a long time.
Syn of Alexander Sergeyovich Stroganov - Pavlo was a close friend of Emperor Alexander I, having earned an excellent military career.
Century XIX
The new generation of Stroganovs led active educational activities. The most beautiful representative of the dynasty of this period is Count Sergei Grigorovich. Clerical schools and schools for the poor were always open to me. In 1825, the count fell asleep near Moscow's painting school, the famous Stroganivka. |
| Sergiy Grigorovich Stroganov (1794 – 1882) |
For a long time Sergiy Grigorovich worked at Moscow University. A member of the historical family, an archaeologist, Stroganov expanded the family collection of objects of mysticism and made an invaluable contribution to the development of ancient numismatics. Sergius Grigorovich took his part in the construction of the Moscow Cathedral of Christ the Savior, falling asleep to the Imperial Archaeological Commission and becoming its head.
Century XX
After the revolution of 1917, the remaining human representative of the dynasty, Sergei Oleksandrovich, handed over the keys to the St. Petersburg office to the People's Commissar of Information and went beyond the border. The collection of valuables was transferred to the Hermitage and partially stolen. At the Stroganov Palace, various installations were being carried out. Since 1988 it was transferred to the Russian Museum, and is now being actively restored.The Stroganovs are expected to live behind the cordon and bear different nicknames. In 1992, one of them, Baroness Olena de Ludinghausen, organized a family charitable foundation. Collected cats will go to update the monuments of the Stroganiv Spadshchina in Russia.
Stroganov - a number of famous merchants and industrialists who later became nobles. Coming from wealthy villagers of Pomerania. Lead your journey to the Novgorod merchant Spiridon, who is alive during the reign of Dmitry Donsky. The great-grandson of Spiridon, Fedir Lukich Stroganov settled near Soli-Vichegodskaya, his son Anikey, having started a salt-making business at the beginning of the sixteenth century. For Anikei Fedorovich, who was respected by the greatest Russian entrepreneur at that time, Tsar Ivan the Terrible gave great tribute to the Stroganov family in the Perm lands.
In their Volodynia merchants developed saltworks, agriculture, a variety of bark copalinas, oil and fisheries. Stroganov there were new places and defensive forts were built. With the help of their squads, they suppressed the praises of the local peoples, who came to Russia in the new territories of Siberia and the Urals. The Stroganovs themselves called on Ermak to carry out his famous Siberian campaign. During the Time of Troubles, the Stroganovs gave Tsar Vasily Shuisky great financial assistance and military assistance, seeing a mere sum that exceeded 800 thousand rubles. As a result, the tsar bequeathed the title of “famous people” to the merchants, making the Stroganovs nobles.
An important role in the family was played by Grigory Dmitrovich Stroganov, who again reunited at the end of the seventeenth century with the Volodin, which at that time was fragmented among the recessionary inhabitants of Anikey. At the hour of the Great War, Grigory Dmitrovich gave Peter the Great significant financial assistance. After the end of the war, his sons were granted baronial titles. Alexander Sergeyovich Stroganov was a member of the commission that worked on the project of a new law under Empress Catherine the Great. For a year he entered the State for the sake of, being the president of the Academy of Mystery and the head director of the Public Library. Being one of the most illustrious people of his time, becoming famous as a philanthropist and benefactor. In 1798, Oleksandr Sergiyovich relinquished the title of count. His son Pavlo Oleksandrovich visited the secret committee created by Emperor Alexander I and the former great military leader. Another count's girl of the Stroganovs was like Grigory Oleksandrovich Stroganov, the leading diplomat at that time. His son Sergei Grigorovich was a prominent military and sovereign figure, having held office as the Moscow Governor-General, and was also renowned for his great enlightenment activities, being a member of rich scientific partnerships. They made a great contribution to the developments of light in Russia. Sergei Grigorovich Stroganov was the head of the Imperial Archaeological Commission, and at great expense he organized a number of archaeological expeditions. His brother Oleksandr Grigorovich was the Minister of Internal Affairs and a member of the State. It died down with the death of its remaining representative - Sergius Oleksandrovich Stroganov, born in 1923.
Many representatives of the Stroganov family were famous for their ardent interest in literature, literature and science, especially history. They became famous as patrons of the arts and benefactors. Among them were prominent collectors, the most famous being the collections of Pavel Sergeyovich and Grigory Sergeyovich Stroganov. A lot of monstrous palaces and other architectural creations were built on behalf of representatives of this family. A number of churches built from the initiative of the Stroganovs between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries gave rise to the so-called Stroganov style in architecture.
The Stroganov family came from Novgorod the Great. People from Pomerania villagers stink already in the 15th century were actively plundering vuzoli on the territory of Ruskogo Evening. For equipping Ermak with supplies, Tsar Ivan the Terrible did not covenant with them not only great lands, but also places. Who's the Stroganovs tsikavitsya mysticism, literature, history, archaeology, small libraries, collections paintings, creation of applied art The founder of the first library is Anika Stroganov (1497 - 1570). His days Anika Stroganov, who expressed his devotion and suddenly with a cruel character, having passed away at the monastery, having taken monastic vows. Sini the father generously promised with contributions to the massacre of the monastery, not less than pennies, but also lands, salt dumplings, courtyards, icons, books.
Stroganov, Russian merchants and industrialists, great landowners (XV – XIX century) and sovereign leaders from the beginning of the XX century. The hundredth contribution to the renewed Russian state of Stroganov They brought in a cob from the 17th century at Roki Smuti. For active financial support Vasil Shuisky's order Stroganov was denied the invitation of guests and for the feasts A. A. Vvedensky, stinks from birch to lime tree 1608 created the princess’s positions ranging in size from 5000 to 6000 rubles. Stroganov was taken and separated from his villagers by two military pens people in additional order and sent them to Moscow in the early 1608s. In addition, in 1610, Tsar Vasil Shuisky ordered that Stroganov be called “eminent” people” and write to their first names – with “vіchem”, which is what they were called according to their fathers princes and boyars.
During the collection of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky of the Nizhny Novgorod people's militia Andriy, Petro and Maxim Stroganov contributed 4116 rubles - a great amount for those hours sumu. After the reign of M.F. Romanov, writing the local chronicler, most victims for the militia: Nizhny Novgorod residents, townspeople, “their own pennies” They took back their little and little income, and their ancestors, the Grigorievs,... The treasure troves of these pennies are not miles, and they were wondering about the profit.”
The activity of the founders of the Stroganov dynasty is connected with everyday life miracle temples of Solvichegodsk. She became famous and is also called Stroganiv school of icon painting. Behind the loose-leaf books of the Koryaz monastery depictions of the family’s great financial contributions. Stroganov was teased clerics for new churches. Helped people acquire liturgical books and everything you need. In 1673, G.D. Stroganov received a special royal decree on the title of the eminent people, as well as rewriting in his name all the salaries of the diplomas of the great princes and kings Russia on the patrimony, granted by their grandfathers and fathers. Volodya stinks in three places, chotirma with forts, settlements. Six villages, 231 villages and villages, and in them 1844 yards with a population of 5071 people3. The decree proclaimed the great merits of the Stroganovs It’s important for the Batkivshchyna. So, during the Time of Troubles and until 1650, the stench paid off powers 423,706 rubles, and during the war with Poland contributed another 418,056 to the treasury karbovantsiv. In addition, the decree stated that as Stroganov’s hours have passed used their money to defend Siberia.
In the 17th century, the Stroganovs will have a Gordian Church and Cathedral in Nizhny Novgorod Feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Nizhny Novgorod chronicler meant this: “In 7200 years, a wall sheet near the lower Transfiguration Cathedral is written... to the mornings of the famous person Grigory Dmitrovich Stroganov.”
Since 1703, G.D. Stroganov came from Nizhny Novgorod on a permanent basis residence to Moscow. More substantively beneficial assistance to the Stroganov family is being carried out in XIX century. For the period from 1816 to 1830, archival records of Paul Oleksandrovich and Sofia Volodymyrivna Stroganov. The amount of their hidden income fluctuated at different times from 2.1 to 6 million rubles, and beneficial assistance and contributions for drinking (according to the author’s suggestions), the cost of consumption was set at 1.8 to 6.4%. What did you do? charitable contributions? Pavel Oleksandrovich has pensions for “poor people” for replacement of convicts at initial deposits, “massacres of charitable donations”, disposable allowances and more. At Sofia Volodymyrivna (born princess Golitsyn) – for pensions to various people, donation to the Patriotic Woman marriage, distribution of alms to the poor (1817), to the servant Oleksiy Ponomarev “on hymn to the mother of poverty” (1821), on the morning of the Girnizavodsk school and medicine (1824), pensions and more.
Many representatives of the Stroganov dynasty were engaged in active community activity. Thus, in 1862, Tetyana Dmitrivna Stroganova was adored by St. Petersburg Rada of the Imperial Humane Society7, and the Countess N.I. Stroganova was in charge of the St. Petersburg shrine for the poor Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. There are reports about the receipt and spending of pennies for 1866 rik “to provide assistance to the poor” for 1 quarter of the St. Petersburg part of the city of St. Petersburg is listed: Arrival - 745 rubles, Vitrat - 738 rubles. Among them: apartment distributions - 360 rubles, one-time assistance groshima - 68 rubles, "for Rizdvo" - 59 rubles, "one old one is given for bread" - 1 ruble, to the “patriotic school for girls” - 2 rubles. 490 rubles were distributed at once, so became visible in the first quarter 66.3%.
The report for another quarter has a record that under the tutelage of the Stroganovs there was 78 poor families, of which 15 families paid 26 rubles each for an apartment 50 copies per month, which became 318 rubles. In addition, there are apartments for six families were paid in full and by stretching out the fate that flows from the light, aid was distributed to the poor for 233 rubles.
At the beginning of the first light, a dressing station for Count A.S. was organized. Stroganov. The original salvage cars were transferred to sanitary payment was made to the “highest and lower ranks” of sanitary trains at the underground sum 11 thousand rubles. And many thousands of dollars have been spent in small amounts for repeated activities organization” is about 4 thousand rubles10. From explanatory notes to balance and crypt Vitrat of the head of the office of Count A.S. Stroganov for 1905 - 1914 The total amount paid by this office was 8.1 million rubles. They are retired 210,178 rubles were spent on additional aid and 1,677,115 rubles were spent on the purchase of the cruiser "Rus". Together 1.8 million rubles. It became 10 years before the hidden costs, thanks to the authors’ fudges, 23,1%.
During the war period, the sanitary inspection of A.S. Stroganov was completed All-Russian Union place and committee of the Pivnichny Front with kvassol, grains, tsibule, crane, kernels of croup. In the cruel year of 1916, pennies were released from the Stroganiv office for funeral expenses private Bronitsky regiment Andriy Sannikov (210 rubles), for the products of the 19th to the army corps 459 rubles 23 kopecks, for bread, milk, gasoline13. For 1916 rіk office
Coat of arms of the Baroniv Strogonov (Stroganov) family
Historians of the 18th century described the Stroganovs as the Tatar Murzi of the Golden Horde, relying on the evidence of the Dutch scientist, burgomaster Mikoly Witzen, who confirmed his account of the Stroganovs’ adventures with the Dutch geographer Isaac Mass, who wrote about Russia back in 160. It’s based on this legend , the ancestor of the Stroganovs, a close relative of the Tatar Khan, for other affirmations - to his son, in the 14th century there were messages to serve before the Grand Duke Dimitri Donskoy to Moscow, where they diligently spoke about the faith of Christ the Savior, urging the adoption of the Christian law and for the christening of names by Spiridon . Murza fell into the heart of Dimitri Ioannovich, “for the sake of the Grand Duke, he loved him more and bestowed him with rich gifts,” having seen for him, among others, his close relative (in one version - a daughter, in another yu - niece). The same Witzen reveals that Spiridon is the first to know the history of the Tatar army among the Russians. Having learned about the baptism of Murzi, the khan obtained his return, then, in both cases, he rejected Vidmova, “with whom he was not satisfied ... sending the unarmed Tatars to the Russian cordons and punishing the disgrace “Iyskiy settlements with fire and sword.” Dmitry Donsky sent a “noble zagin” against them under the wire of Spiridon; It became a matter of fact, and although “the Russians are strong today,” the protests were broken, and Spiridon was full of captivity. Having made unsuccessful attempts to train him to accept the old faith, the khan ordered to “tie him to the stake, plan his body, and then chop everything into pieces, scatter it,” which “was rightfully viconned.” The date of the martyrdom of Spiridon, the Stroganov family who was formed for Peter the Great, is dated to 6903 or 1395. For the people of Nezabar, after his death, the sons of his name were called Kozma, and for the nickname for the riddle about the martyr’s death, the father was nicknamed Stroganov (from the word “plane”).
This legendary story was repeated without proper critical assessment by historians G. F. Miller and M. M. Shcherbatov. N. M. Karamzin was the first to recognize doubts in his loyalty, recognizing in certain parts: knowing the history of the Stroganovs of the Order, the facts of planing and the introduction of rakhunkov wines is important as an irrefutable story. The most important and most important result was N. G. Ustryalov. It is richer, in my opinion, another passage that is preserved in one collection of the Kirilo-Belozersky Monastery; It is good to go with him, among the Stroganovs, to resemble the old Novgorod nickname of the Dobrinins; At the very least, without a doubt, those who in the districts of Ustyug and Solvychegodsk, the old Novgorod regions, the Stroganovs have long since voluntarily issued great quitclaims. The offensive, the legend of the Murza -Rodimalist, was residual, the same bilshistu is Prejeaty, especially on the PIDSTAVI DRAZIV, the introductory of F.A. Vologovim, the Vikhidtsi Vikhidtsi with the Veliky Novgorod, the founder of the bourgeon Spiridon, who is alive at the hour of Dimitri Donskoy
Some reliable information has been preserved about Onuk Spiridon Lutsi Kozmiche and great-grandson Fedor Lukich(in Chernetsk Feodosiya; † 17 Bereznya 1497) with children: Stepan, Osip, Volodymyr and Anikoyu, around 1488 from Novgorod he moved to a new place, himself in Solvichegodska. Nezabar after this, being already in his frail age, Fedir Lukich accepted monkhood from the estate of Theodosius and died around 1493. The eldest of the three blues died childless and did not abandon their activities on their own. For example, the youngest of them, Anika (Anikiy, Ioannik) Stroganov, in Chernetsiya Yoasaf; 4 leaf fall 1497 - 2 spring 1569), captivating, energetic and intelligent, with his great actions he laid a solid foundation for the family wealth, which expanded even more under his sons - Yakovi, Gregoryі Seeds of Anikevich Stroganov(close to 1540 - 22 June 1586; killed near Solvichegodsko by townspeople), who became the ancestors of three families. The older two lines went out permanently. Sin Yakov Anikiyovich Maxim Yakovich Stroganov(21st century 1557—5th quarter 1624) our three children, including the two eldest sons, Volodymyr and Maxim, died childless (the rest were close to 1650), and the youngest Ivan She has one son, Danil, the last of this line, and she has two daughters, Stefanida and Hanna. Even earlier, the middle line had died out, another and the remaining representative of which was the only son of Grigory Anikiyovich, Mikita Grigorovich Stroganov(15th spring 1559-24th leaf fall 1616), who died unarmed. A young girl, originally from Semyon Anikiyovich, has lost her life.
After the killing of Semyon Anikeevich, the family became a friend of the squad, Evdokia Nesterivna (born a boyar daughter of Lachinov, in Chernetsk Evfrosiniya; 1st Birch 1561-19 leaf fall 1638) - all the famous Stroganov lands were similar Like this friend, the decisions were like this friend. , started back in the 17th century
Yogo another syn Petro Semenovich I have a lot of children, of whom there is only one son Fedir Petrovich reaching adulthood, without depriving human offspring; Pyotr Semenovich's other children died young. Senior son of Semyon Anikiyovich Andriy Semenovich deprived of the slump Dmitr Andriyovich, one and only son Grigory Dmitrovich having lost his own representative of the entire clan and, having cut off the main parts from the extinguished two senior lines, in his own hands he consolidated all the great family wealth.
From the beginning of Stroganov there are only a few lands in the Solvichegodsky region, which have significantly expanded due to shopping routes; the main land appurtenances disappeared from the city, given to them by numerous and various charters of the Muscovite sovereigns. Already on the 9th quarter of 1519, they were given a charter for the salt industry, “wild foxes and Syl Kochalovskaya in the eternal Volodinya” - in the Solvichorichsky region. In the other half of the 16th century, the stench was spreading around Perm the Great. The first grant of a charter on the Great Perm lands was given to them on the 4th quarter of 1558, to another - 2 quarters of 1564 for the life of Anika Fedorovich. These two charters, which laid the foundation of the Volodya Stroganovs near Perm the Great, gave them great land on the banks of the Kami, stretching 146 “timeless” miles. Afterwards, these gifts fell to others. According to the calculation of the history of the Stroganov family, F. A. Volegov, based on archival data, land was given to them at different times: in Perm the Great - by charter 4th century 1558 and 2nd year 1564 - 3,415,840 tithes; 25 Bereznya 1568 according to the Chusovaya River - 1129218 dessiatines; 7th quarter of 1597 (for Fyodor Ivanovich) along the Kama - with a length of 254 versts and an area of 586,382 dessiatines; 15 Veresny 1615 (under Mikhail Fedorovich) rebirth along the Kama River - 163,280 dessiatinas; for the charter of 1685 (for John and Peter Oleksiyovich) according to the Veslyantsi River - 604,212 dessiatines; On the 29th of June 1694 according to the Lologa River - 254,741 dessiatines and 2 lindens 1701 were given to Ziryanskiy industries in 3,634 dessiatines. In addition, by charter issued on May 30, 1574, they also received great lands beyond the Ural Range - 1,225,049 acres. And in total - 10,382,347 dessiatines.
Khoromi Stroganov. Engraving I. Chesky. 1842.
The very beginning of the earth was squandered by Stroganov during the Voluntary War, and the new sovereign, upon ascending the throne, invariably confirmed their rights to everything previously given to them; the all-powerful companion of Peter the Great, Grigory Dmitrovich Stroganov, having won a letter from his sovereign, confirming this and that decline in the eternal Volodin in all places. These gifts have a number of zaishov nastіlki far away, so that from year to year, at the end of the 18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century, having transferred from his gentleman, he himself was hesitant to lead the Stroganovs to the measles of the treasury trival and complicated land processes, as a result of which The Stroganovs had a busy time 3 743282 tithes. For such minds, the Stroganovs and other Cherdinsk and Usolsk people had no desire to compete; It becomes easy to understand one of the ways of their consolidation on the lands - the burrowing method. It is reported that Yakov Anikiyovich received over 3 1/2 million dessiatines in such a way. The land granted to the Stroganovs was officially respected in most cases as “empty”; in fact, they were populated, albeit weakly, by various foreign tribes, who were set to reach the new rulers soon And passively, the world has expanded its capabilities and the growth of pressures began to protect their long-standing I often hold the rights in my hands. These are the numerous facts that, during the formation of the bloody wars that occurred between the local aborigines and the first representatives of the Stroganovs, filled the other half of the 16th and first 17th centuries of the history of the Perm region. The struggle between disparate foreigners and the Stroganovs, who were led by a disciplined and well-armed military force, was, obviously, uneven, and new laws fell felt either as the exit of tubers from the deep forest nets, or, more often, involuntarily. In parallel with this, the Stroganovs grew: “There was a whole epic in the history of the land revolution in Perm the Great,” characterizes this period by A. I. Dmitriev.
Stroganov turned out to be excellent colonizers. With the current consolidation on the Upper and Middle Kama, the Russian element in this region began to arrive especially quickly. Receiving various kinds of benefits from gentle and unliterate people, the Stroganoffs began to successfully populate the banks of the Smuga Kami, Chusovaya and other rivers. The presence of the restless Tubilians and wartime Tatars forced them to settle into the reality of “towns”, “fortresses”, like small fortresses. In the remaining stinks on their “kosht” they trimmed “gunners, squeakers and komirs” to “protect themselves from the Nogai people and other hordes.” From the moment they moved to the Urals, the Stroganovs began to engage in salt distillation, continuing on a larger scale in Perm the Great. This was one of the first types of industrial industries that flourished in Russia, and for the Stroganovs the most important and important source of their great income. Also an important source of income for them was the discovery of Anika Fedorovich, who continued the decline in trade with foreigners who lived beyond the Urals, which is of little historical significance, which Strogan learned more about from their work, giving and living, they gave birth to Siberian residents and gave birth to them . about the possibility of destroying Siberia. Continuous threats from the side of the Siberian Khan Kuchum, in order to defeat the attacks that would require heavy armored force, worried Anika’s son, Semyon, and his sons Maxim Yakovych and Mikita Grigorovich in 1578. In the face of the threat of the Tsar's wrath, threaten the Croc with historical heritage - the prize “distant people”, Volzh Cossacks, along with Yermak, and having provided them with the necessary supplies, sent 1581 rocks on a campaign to Siberia. This is one of the most boring stories in the history of the Stroganov family. They themselves, Maxim Yakovich and Mikita Grigorovich, greatly assisted the Moscow sovereigns with great and military force. For these important merits, as well as the deeds of Semyon Anikiyovich in 1610, Vasily Shuisky granted him special titles of “famous people” and the right to be called and write after Father’s name - with “vich”. Groshov and military aid were given to the Muscovite sovereigns and further representatives of the Stroganov family, especially during the Time of Troubles, which was important for the Moscow state, when there were often no money in the treasury to pay fees to the military people. In one of Peter the Great’s letters of commendation, it is stated that the Stroganoffs, at the hour of the Interregnum, donated a pittance of 841,762 rubles for Mikhail Fedorovich, which in the current warehouse is close to 4 million rubles.
Known as a special honorable person, eminent people, the Stroganovs gained a lot of advantages - the lack of jurisdiction of the primary government (they were given only to a special royal court), the right to hold places and forts, to exterminate military people, to fight, wat with the rulers of Siberia, news of bezposhti foreigners, themselves judge your people, with the benefit of heavy duty, rich taxes and pennies, with freedom in the form of a special oath, etc. In the administrative and shipping areas, the estates of the Stroganovs, which occupied a good half of Perm the Great, were independent, independent of the sovereign’s mercenaries and governors. This was a vassal power with its own laws, regulations, regulations and administrations. The name of the Vlasniki and Vinyatkov’s right does not necessarily relate directly to the central government institutions in Moscow, bypassing the local administration. Stroganov showed off in great honor at court. In the “Conciliar Code” of 1649 Oleksiy Mikhailovich, the rights of the Stroganovs were fixed in a special statute (Article 94, Chapter X).
Volodinnya, fragmented between the descendants of Anikei Stroganov's children, united in the 80s of the 17th century by Grigory Dmitrovich Stroganov (25 June 1656 - 21 leaf fall 1715). The saltworks of the Shustovs and the Filatyevs also passed to this new age.
R. Nikitin. Portrait of Grigory Dmitrovich Stroganov (before 1715)
1. Stroganov Grigory Dmitrovich, an eminent man, the only son of Dmitry Andriyovich Stroganov, the one-time ruler of all the great family wealth, who helped Peter the Great with pennies, having been born in 1656. In the ancient acts of his name, one can first guess the fate of 1672, when his father traveled to Moscow for his promotion to Moscow with gifts and favors to Tsarina Oleksiy Mikhailovich for the benefit of Tsarevich Peter's wife. In 1673, his father died, and Stroganov lost his main part, which became the third part of all family estates and lands. Nezabar after this, on the very first day of 1673, Oleksiy Mikhailovich saw a letter confirming his right to the cessation of the Volunteer. This document, which at least sums up everything previously given to his ancestors and this family, is one of the most important documents for the history of the Stroganov family. Having re-recruited the services of various representatives of the family, they gave the Moscow State in the Time of Troubles military people and penny support from the voluntary dachas and “fifths”, “tenths”, “sixteenths”, quitrents, drinking and other “hryvnia” pennies solyanikh" mit, having then assumed the role of the ancestors of Grigory Dmitrovich in the rooted Siberia and the insurrections of various foreigners rooted by them - Tatars, Ostyaks, Chuvash, Vogulichs, Cheremis, Bashkirs - this is important certificate (reference quotes from her div. - Andriy and Petro Semenovich, Mikita Grigorovich and Maxim Yakov Stroganova) confirms all the duties of Grigory Dmitrovich, if he was taken away by his ancestors: 1) to write to him and to write again with “vich”; 2) don’t judge him or her; 3) judge your own people yourself; 4) in the “vira” (oath) they take their place in the honor of their people; 5) those who are dishonest are subject to a fine of 100 rubles and royal disgrace; 6) all drinks are allowed to you without appearing; 7) I’ll wait and don’t do anything; 8) do not take road, brook, underwater, etc. taxes from anyone; 9) for himself and for his people, under the hour, the path is placed implicitly; 10) “Whoever doesn’t listen to our letters will face great disgrace, without mercy.”
In 1681, Stroganov received a third of all the mines that belonged to Volodin’s senior line of the family (which was similar to Yakov Anikiyovich) and to the appointed human generation, which was in the hands of the rest of the time daughters of Danili Ivanovich Stroganov, Ganni Danilivny, whose destiny was married. Removing Stroganov's darling record of goiters, he lived until the death of his mother, Anna Danilivnya, who apparently paid a penny and paid off the deeds of her father, who was victed by him.
In this way, in 1681, Grigory Dmitrovich Volodiv already completed two thirds of the great family lanes. The other third was at this hour in the hands of the widow of Fyodor Petrovich Stroganov, who had not lost any human offspring, Ganni Mikitivna. In 1688, following the commandment of the 18th century 1686, we decided to donate 5,000 rubles to the Piskorsky monastery and build a church in the Podgorsky monastery, and fences. From now on, Grigory Dmitrovich became the same lord of all family estates and lanes, like his ancestor Anika, who had either three or two family lines. Behind F. A. Volegov’s shelter, all three parts had up to this point 9,519,760 acres of land, 20 towns, over 200 villages, nearly the same number of repairs, more than 3,000 yards and over 15 thousand mature human souls, except tubular foreigners. These great estates were even more expanded by the way of acquiring new allotments of lands to them. In 1685, with a charter, the Stroganov took over the place along the Velyana River in the Cherdinsky district with forests and lands, an area of 604,212 dessiatines, with a payment of 2 rubles for the river rent, and for the charter for 29 years date of 1694, land was given to him according to the Lologa River, in the same district , for “wood chaff” and for clearing the forest for milling and mowing - an area of 254,741 dessiatines and with the payment of rent also at 2 rubles; it was decided that the state-owned Ziryansky salt industry would be transferred to special minds and in 1700 more deeds would be given to the land. This amounted to 10,382,347 acres of land, which formed, according to Vorontsov’s revision in 1715, households: 5,945 livestock and 5,324 empty, human souls - 22,105 “per person” and 16,89 3 "in the world and in the world" “What are they doing,” and after 10 years the number of human souls of the first category reached 44,669, while the other - 33,235 in only the Great Perm Volodynia. If we take into consideration the Trans-Ural, Solvichorich, Ustyuz, Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow Region legends of Grigory Dmitrovich, then he, without a doubt, can be called one of the richest people of his time.
These magnificent cats gave Stroganov the opportunity to provide significant assistance to Peter the Great, especially during the hour of the Great War. As early as the 28th of May 1682, Ivan and Petro Oleksiyovich wrote to you, so that they would give Prince Baryatinsky a pittance to pay the Moscow archers, so that the stinks would be turned back to you if “the royal treasury is collected.” With such temporary postures, we have repeatedly brought the sovereign treasury out of a twisted state. But the most important merit of the sense of giving assistance to the power lies with the support of the young fleet as a pittance, and through the sacrifice of ships. Since 1700 Petro the Great was actively working in Voronezh over the dispute of the military courts, so necessary for the upcoming war with Turechina, Grigory Dmitrovich, also in Voronezh, for the sovereign, for the sovereign’s money here are two frigates, which were presented as a gift to Peter and accepted by the rest with a great gift. At the same time, Stroganov had two more military ships attached to the Arkhangelsk Admiralty, which were also donated to the fleet. All the most important work in these days was created specifically for this purpose by foreign masters, and the formation of ships, especially in Harmati, was carried out including overseas production.
Stroganov's power and treasures were not deprived of extensive assistance without evidence from the side of the sovereigns. At first the sovereign was offended, John and Petro Oleksiyovich, and then Petro alone, generously showered him with their favors. It has already been indicated that they were given to you in various places on earth. In 1685, after Stroganov’s petition, all authorities were ordered to contact both himself and other people, including in the Novgorod order, where to transfer them from other chambers. The charter of 1688 was a re-confirmation of Stroganov’s right to land, as well as the deprivation of settled land, through the granting of landed estates and penny salaries. “For the eternal peace,” reads the letter, “which we (the sovereigns) have done with the King of Poland, for the rich workmen of his penny donations and for his service... and for the purpose that the Stroganovs have grown up with famous people and in the Code they said it themselves , - Grigory Dmitrovich will offer a monthly salary of 1,000 rubles and a pittance of 150 rubles.” The remaining sum in 1698 was increased to 170 rubles, “in addition to the most beautiful Moscow guest.” All the lands, for which the sovereigns paid the ancestors of the Stroganovs, were given them less of a more trivial term, which, at the time of the accession to the throne of the new sovereign, required special confirmation of letters. Grigory Dmitrovich, reveling in the special tributes of Peter the Great, was the first to receive charters in the last Volodin Day earlier than in these places; The most important of them is the charter dated 25 February 1692, which confirmed the rights of the eternal lord of the Stroganovs over the great expanses of land, so that from now on the series itself knows them above-worldly and after the low complexity of the ship process And then the treasury turned again. That Grigory Dmitrovich served in high places at the court and at a high level in the “sovereign ranks,” it is evident, for example, from the fact that he was subject to special knowledge in every important court position. So, on the 25th spring of 1695, Tsars Ivan and Petro Oleksiyovich informed him about the birth of Tsarina Paraska Ivanivna; The same message was sent to you on June 29, 1698, in honor of Princess Catherine Ioanivna. When the hour approaches for Grigory Dmitrovich to return from his squad in Voronezh, another son, Mikola, is born, we will accept the newly-born being none other than Peter I himself, who bestowed his godparent in a truly royal way: with great lands along the Obva rivers, Invi and Kosvi and its tributaries, “with towns and volosts, villages and villages, and in them from the villages” - a total of 16 towns, about hundreds of small villages, and in them - 3,443 households and 14,000 individuals.
The First Rocks Stroganov lived well in Nizhny Novgorod, where he founded the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which retained the name “Stroganov” (completed for his squad, in 1719); In 1703 he moved to Moscow.
Church of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Stroganiv Church
(Nizhny Novgorod, founded 1696-1701)
Both from Novgorod and from Moscow, just shortly after the hour of departure of the caravans from the village, they drove to their Perm Volodynia, standing by these gates to observe the rulers. The rest of the vines not only brought about the shortest and largest “by-flow” camp, not only from their ancestors, but also by significantly expanding the main and largest part of the yog - the saltworks, having created new ones and corrected the old salt varnishes i. In the form of brewing salt, as Stroganov sold his production at home to visiting merchants, and in Nizhny Novgorod, he made large profits, while sales were very strong. But in 1705, a sovereign monopoly on agriculture was introduced, and under the High Decree, all of Stroganov’s products were required to be presented to Nizhny Novgorod and sold, including in the treasury. According to the agreement concluded between him and the thoughtful guy Avtamon Ivanov, the treasury paid 5 kopecks per pound of salt, 4 kopecks for transporting it to Nizhny. The payment was sufficient, and although the new order would significantly reduce Stroganov’s enormous income, he nevertheless reconciled with him. It happened, however, a number of times that the contractors who transported the water from the Lower Mountains and down the Volga and its tributaries turned out to be faulty, as a result of which the treasure was seen as their service And the entire delivery was assigned to Stroganov. The indicated freight prices for transportation were so insignificant that Stroganov was threatened with an irresistible overrun, and then passed on, or, respecting the centenary of the good sovereign, accepted the proposal. His misfortunes were completely justified - having recognized significant increases, especially if “for certain hardenings and other furnishings” from the post-indicated price, and so low, “a decrease was made.” For the services of this nameless historian to the Stroganov family, the Stroganovs took a smaller fee and paid less to other contractors. However, “I have been loving this image until the next day.”
It is characteristic of its time that Stroganov is placed before his strongholds - more respectfully. In the order of 12 June 1706, Chusovskaya clerks were told: “And collect all payments from our villagers with great consideration: to whom can everything be taken in bulk, and on these all payments, mothers will have to pay, and what is meager? raptom nothing, and you beat the mothers out of them in a river and in two, and not in a rapt, admiring their right, so that our villagers would not have to suffer from that burden and ruin, and they would not receive the great sovereign's taxes. It is also important that they should not be given the image of a burden, and should not be given to anyone in their image and ruin.” In its own way, having gained wide popularity among the population of the Perm region, the legend grew popular among people. The insignificant furnishings illustrate this popularity very well. Stroganov will urgently send significant sums of pennies to the people in the Novousolsk industry for withdrawals and payments to hired workers. In 1712, 50,000 rubles were sent there; from Solvichegodsk, the Stroganiv people received a clerk from the Moscow merchant Yevreinov with 10 thousand rubles. Rising on the “planes” of the Keletma River, the messages met with the “glorious villain” Konkov, who will “play the villain” in 60 characters. Skates after a small skirmish, to which two of Stroganov’s people fell victim, having taken the whole pot and taken all the money. Having realized, however, that people owed money to Stroganov, the “glorious villain” immediately paid everyone, turned the money back, “all the money to the smallest extent” and declared; “Why should we create our father, Grigory Dmitrovich?” Having deprived Evreinov of his pennies.
Stroganov died on November 21, 1715, near Moscow and at the Church of Mikoli the Wonderworker, near Kotelniki. In his youth, he became friends with Vasya Ivanivna Meshcherskaya, and after her death, he fell in love with Maria Yakovna Novosiltseva, who was later the first lady of state at court;
R.M. Nikitin. Portrait of Barones M.Ya. Stroganova. (Between 1721 and 1724)
The only portrait that is unanimously attributed by the descendants of the creativity of Roman Nikitin - the young brother of the famous painter Ivan Nikitin (at the same time as an artist who began at the Florentine Academy of Art under T. Redi). . Stroganova Maria Yakovna, wife of Novosiltsev, baroness (1678-1734) - a friend of the salt trader, the “famous people” G.D. Stroganov; State Lady Catherine I and Ganni Ioanivny; mothers of Oleksandr, Mikoli and Sergei Grigorovich Stroganov. Depicted with a decorated miniature portrait of Peter I.
from her in the family of sins: Alexandra (born 1698 in the village of Gorodivska in Nizhny), Mikoli (1700 near Voronezh) and Sergiya (1700 near Moscow); May and other children died in childhood.
You can marvel at the tree of the genus
Stroganov was famous for his hospitality and hospitality; his home in Moscow was widely open “not only to his friends, but to people of all ranks”; sima vin was “kind and affectionate, and a poor prospector.” who got to Moscow. In the year 1689, Tsars John and Petro and Tsarina Sophia wrote to Stroganov: “As you know, you have Kiev songs; having received the tsar's mercy"; and with a letter of 2 ducats of the same fate, the tsars informed Grigory Dmitrovich that the "spirits" sent to him were accepted before the Novgorod order, and for sending the stink they "pity, graciously praise." The Stroganovs successfully borrowed from Moscow Hello to the collection of manuscripts treasures; from the previously brutalized funeral of St. Demetrius, Metropolitan of Rostov, send this book, “the verb Chronograph, or Chronicle,” it is clear that Stroganov owned one of the two copies of this manuscript, which they began to write. at that hour. View of Peter the Great in particular. outside the city is a portrait of the sovereign with a crown, who always wore a captan in his buttonhole.
Grigory Dmitrovich was the remaining “famous person.” These three sons Alexander, Mykola and Sergius were created by Peter the Great in 1722 for the merits of their ancestors in the baronial year. They are the first to enter government service and begin to lead a courtly way of life. The eldest of them did not lose human offspring.
Frankart (1711/1712-1743) Baron Alexander Grigorovich Stroganov (1730s)
1.1. Baron Alexander Grigorovich Stroganov(b. 02.10.1698 - pom. 17.11.1754) - chamberlain, active state radnik (from 1730), lieutenant general. The greatest salt-producer and earth-grass grower.
Born in the family patrimony of Gordiivtsi, Nizhny Novgorod district, not far from Nizhny Novgorod. His father died when he turned 17, and his father ruled his mother for many hours. In 1720, the birth of the vines was established in the Permian and salt-producing estates, and over time one became familiar with the state of the dominion of the miners and the salt-mining industry, which was left at the end of the recession. It turns into a congestion in the salt industry, and, after a year, the mother of the young brothers, Mikoli and Sergiya, liquidates the industry, having significantly painted the plant, made it new and corrected the old ones at that time of the brewery. i. 1722 roku A.G. Stroganova and her brothers, for the merits of their ancestors, given to the Russian state, Peter I became a baron. At that time, when the sovereign and his army destroyed the Persian campaign, Stroganov escorted him from Moscow to Simbirsk near Nizhny Novgorod, receiving him at home. Tsar Petro celebrated the day of his namesake at his house in order to testify to the endless cunning of the new tsar. From Simbirsk, despite all Stroganov’s misfortune, he was allowed to go further, “with honor” being sent back to Moscow.
In 1723, Baron Stroganov became friends with the daughter of Prince Vasily Petrovich Sheremetev, Tetyana (named Dominika by P. Dolgorukov) Vasilievna. Tsar Petro I was happily imprisoned as his father and “enough to have fun with the Empress, her high princesses and other noble persons, and especially with his lordship Duke Frederick of Holstein " Ale Tetyana Vasilievna lived with her lover for more than three years, and died in 1726. On February 25, 1729, he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.
In 1734, Baron Alexander Grigorovich Stroganov again became friends with Olena Vasilievna Dmitrieva-Mamonova (daughter of Rear Admiral V.A. Dmitrieva-Mamonov and Grushetskaya). 
Johann Balthasar Frankart (close (1712-1743) Olena (Aliona) Vasilievna Stroganova (1716-1744), Grandniece (by mother) of Queen Agathia Grushetskaya. Daughter of Admiral Count Dmitriev-Mamonov, V. A. and Grushets .G.Stroganova ( 1730s, Moscow State Historical Museum)
Ale, ten years later, in 1744, he died. Whose wife is Don't Hanna (7.02.1739 – 22.04.1816).
In 1746, Alexander Grigorovich entered into a third relationship with the widow Maria Artamonivna Isleneva, ur. Dirty. Whose little daughter Varvara (December 2, 1748 – October 29, 1823) is born.
A.G. Stroganov was the first, like his brothers, and he was born from the Stroganov family, who were insured for the service. On the funeral of his mother, Empress Catherine I bequeathed him as an active chamberlain in 1725. Although this title was rather nominal, the remaining wines did not take any part in court ceremonies and did not receive any payment. Later, there were formations of lieutenant generals and active secret guards (1730).
Baron Alexander Grigorovich Stroganov died on November 7, 1754, in 55 years. The blue veins were never lost, and all the markers went to his widow Maria Artamonovna. Dirty.
1.1.1. Daughter of Olenya Vasilievna Dmitrieva-Mamonova, Ganna Oleksandrivna 1757 Roku married a prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsin(Sina of the Adjutant General, also Mikhail Mikhailovich) and took half of the staff. 
Rotary P'ietro Antonio. Portrait of Princess Ganni Oleksandrivna Golitsin, giving birth. Stroganova (1739-1816). (1759, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
Rokotov F. Ganna Oleksandrivna Stroganova (02/07/1739 - 04/22/1816), Dame of the Order of St. Catherine, squad of Prince M.M. Golitsyn (1731-1804). (1777, Tretyakov Gallery)
The other half went to Prince Boris Grigorovich Shakhovsky, the father of another daughter, Varvara, as the remaining whore.
Baron Stroganov was a great benefactor, a kind man and a very enlightened person: having known a number of foreign languages, having read and translated a lot of books, including the French “On the Truth of Christian Piety” by Hugo Tropl and the English ї “Spending Paradise” (titles from the translation of “Destruction paradise") by Milton.
Baron Oleksandr Grigorovich Stroganov was buried in the church in the name of St. Nicholas. Miracle at Kotelniki near Moscow
1.3. Family line, what to look like Sergiy Grigorovich,
Ivan Mikitovich Nikitin (1690-1741) Portrait of Sergius Grigorovich Stroganov (1707-1756) (1726, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg)
Z 1722 - baron, acting chamberlain, on the day of the nationality of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, 20 Versary 1754, appointed lieutenant general. Vlasnik of the Stroganov Palace near St. Petersburg, inspired by F.-B. Rastrelli.
Formation of arms from 1732 to Sofia Kirilivna Naryshkina.
Only three generations are small: Oleksandr Sergeyovich, Persherae's graph at Rodi, the bodies of the tsu gidnisti Austiyskoi izmridatrice Mariyu Tereziyu in 1761 Rotsі, and Potim at that wuh gidnіstiyko izhloma Pavel I in 1798 Rotsі, Yogo Sin Graf Pavlo Oleksandrovich, known to participate in the meetings of the “Secret Committee” under Emperor Alexander I and military exploits, and the son of Pavel Oleksandrovich, Oleksandr Pavlovich (1795-1814), killed early at the battle of Krasnoe.
1.2. Middle son of Grigory Dmitrovich, Mikola Grigorovich, more numerous descendants, representatives of every living thing. Zyogo three sins senior, baron Grigory Mykolayovich(1731-1777), a former soldier, died childless; another, baron Sergey Mykolayovich(1738-1777), brigadier, mother of his only son, Grand Marshal Oleksandr Serhiyovich (1771-1815), without depriving him of any offspring. The third of them, Baron Oleksandr Mikolayovich(died 13 Birth 1789), active tame radnik, mav sina Grigory Oleksandrovich(1770-1857), as a count and member of the State for the sake of. The remaining children, Mikola and Oleksiy Grigorovich, died young, Valentin Grigorovich (1801-1833) rose to the rank of captain of the cavalry regiment and died childless, the fourth of them - Count Sergiy Grigorovich(1794-1882), who became friends with the daughter of Pavel Oleksandrovich Stroganov and eventually lost the title of count; nareshti, fifth son of Grigory Oleksandrovich, count Oleksandr Grigorovich(1795-1891), also a member of the State Council. Recently deceased representatives of the Stroganov family have been identified from the names of the son of Sergei Grigorovich, a prominent numismatist of the count Oleksandr Sergeyovich(1818-1864) the son of Oleksandr Grigorovich, horse master Grigory Oleksandrovich(1824-1879), who was befriended by Grand Duchess Maria Mikolaivna.
It’s difficult to write a short story about the Stroganov dynasty. This series had its origins even before the reign of Ivan IV. The activity of the Stroganov dynasty (photos of these representatives can be found in the statistics) is of little significance for the economy of the Russian state. The family had the most famous entrepreneurs, civil servants, military, and government officials. The decline of the Stroganov dynasty is being carefully defended by the current government. Why is this famous row so famous?
The beginning of a dynasty
The Stroganovs were, in one version, like a Tatar who had received the name Spiridon from the Christians. The author of this version is the merchant Isaac Massa. And having expanded it, the Dutchman Mikola Witsen, who joined forces with Masoya. This version explains the adventures of the Stroganov dynasty. Spiridon took the relative of Dmitry Donsky as a squad, and then later destroyed the Tatar-Mongols. Khan ordered to tie him up and “plane” his body, then chop him into pieces and scatter him. At 1395 rub. Spiridon's son Kuzma (Kozma) was born, answering the riddle about the death of the father, the names of the villages Stroganovim (Strogonovim). This version, however, is often simply stated by Karamzin, who respects the fact of “planing” even more so.
The author of another hypothesis was M. G. Ustryalov, who belonged to the Stroganov family in the archives. The history of the dynasty, according to this version, begins in Nizhny Novgorod. Here, too, the leader is Spiridon, who is Kuzma’s son. As F.A. Volegov, Spiridon’s onuk, Luka Kuzmich, clarifies, giving pennies to ransom Vasil the Dark. Close to 1488 rub. His son Fedir Lukich (near the Chernets of Feodosia) ruled over Soli-Vichegodskaya. Here 4 blues appeared: Stepan, Volodymyr, Osip and Anika (Ioannik, Anikiy). The first three died without having any offspring. Anika herself became the founder of the rich Stroganov dynasty.
Ear of activity
Anika started from the salt industry. Most of the jerels are indicated for 1515 r. However, this is unlikely, since I was over 18. A. A. Vivedensky has a testimony about the fact that Anika bought a third of the brew without a salt pan (cyrene) and a third of the cooking mixture, and then at 1540 rubles. More brew with mist and cyren. At 1550 rub. A charter was purchased from Ivan IV for the administration of Varnitsa with taxes for 6 rocks.
Many historians believe that they were the founder of the Permian Stroganov dynasty. Let's find out.
Anika had three sons: Yakov (after the death of Danil’s son, the line of his neck became stuck), Grigory (he had only one son Mikita, who died unfriended) and Semyon (all the others went from him) Stroganov).
In kvitna 1558 rub. Ivan IV bequeathed the great lands of the people to Gregory. Kama (region of the Ural Prikam, from the Lisva branch to the Chusovaya river). Usyogo was given 3.5 million dessiatines (one dessiatine is 1.09 hectares). Torishny sickle 1566 rub. All this land went to the warehouse of apparition, apparently, the income went to the state treasury. Birch RUB 1,568 granted a deed of land along the river. Chusova was seen by Anikey’s eldest son Yakov.
The Stroganoffs developed saltworks, mines, fisheries, ore industries, agriculture, and everyday life on their lands. They created towns, forts, strangled the rebellion of the local population, and with the help of additional squads they reached their lands in the new territories of Siberia and the Urals.
Troubled hour
Not long before the Troubles, Semyon Anikovich was killed. The Stroganov dynasty was alienated by the squad of Evdokia Nesterivna (from the boyar family of the Lachinovs). Whose friend looks like a mustache on the ground. Other girls, besides those who were “christened,” found their way into existence in the 17th century. Friendship with Lachinova was important for Semyon, who was still the sister of the Solikamsk voivode.
At the rocks of the Troubles, the position of the Stroganov dynasty significantly changed. For Shuisky's diploma, Mikita Grigorovich, Petro and Andriy Semenovich withdrew the special title of “famous people” for their service to the Batkivshchyna and the award of penny positions. Stroganov was always present at the local ceremonies of the Moscow patriarchs, sitting next to the boyars. The main source of income for entrepreneurs after the Troubles was lost in the salt industry. In the Sol-Kamskaya area, salt production was reduced.
In addition to their entrepreneurial activities, the Stroganovs took an active part in foreign politics. They sponsored the Smolensk War, the Russian-Polish War of 1654 - 67.
Apparently, for example, the XVII century. The development of the temple complex of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra took place with the participation of representatives of the Stroganov dynasty. An arch was built near Sergiev Posad, extending the entrance to the monastery. After this, the Church of the Birth of John the Baptist was built in the Stroganiv Baroque style.
Cob XVIII century.
The Stroganov dynasty was even more numerous - in the children of Anikey there were many descendants. The unification of Volodya, fragmented from them, began in the 80s. XVII century Grigory Dmitrovich Stroganov. He took away 8 royal letters. There were six of them, who took away the inviolability and the land in the Kama region. Until 1715, the land area covered 6 million 639 thousand. tithes
Competition
It should be noted that the Stroganov dynasty was involved in the salting industry. Let's talk briefly about our active competitors.
This was the case in 1661-62. The Sokolovs (Balakhna industrialists) bought land to conduct the salt industry. However, in 1688 r. the territories passed to Shustov according to the petition filed in 1685. The document confirmed that the salt industry in these lands would not last. Grigory Stroganov made a claim to the territory. Vіn having submitted a chalice, having solidified that the disputed lands were occupied by waters. As a result, a demarcation was carried out and the Lenva salt industry was transferred to you. Under this, the townspeople who opposed the border were sent along with their families to Azov. U 1697 r. Grigory rents, and after 3 days you take the Ziryanivska Vuzol from the eternal Volodinya.
Judging from available documents, Gregory the Great flowed in. This is confirmed, frankly speaking, like this. In 1698, according to the orders of Prince Dashkov, the village salt producer Likhvariv was ordered to plant the house. However, having submitted skarga and for the active alliance with Stroganov, the prince was removed from the voivode’s seat.
Entrance to the nobility
At the hour of the Eastern War (late 17th century), the history of the Stroganov dynasty was marked by low significance. Once again, they sponsored the military actions, giving Peter I great sums. In addition, the Stroganovs founded metallurgical and other factories in the Urals.
After the war, in 1722, Sergius, Mykola and Alexander Grigorovich took away their baronial titles, and the title of “famous people” was removed from them. From now on, the active power of the Stroganov dynasty of entrepreneurs begins. Oleksandr Sergeyovich took part in the project of new legislation created by Tsarina Catherine II. On the other side, between the 17th and 19th centuries. He was a member of the Academy of Mysteries, a member of the Community Library, and a member of the Derzhradi. In 1761, the family lost the title of count to the Holy Roman Emperor.
Pavlo Oleksandrovich served in the secret committee of Alexander I, being the intercessor (comrade, as this settlement was called) of the Minister of Internal Affairs. Sofia Volodymyrivna, her team, founded the School of Forestry and Agriculture Sciences.
Grigory Oleksandrovich looks like a friend of the Stroganov dynasty. The founder of Gilka was a prominent diplomat in his time. One of the Blues - Serhiy Grigorovich - in 1859 - 60s pp. former Moscow Governor-General. Oleksandr Grigorovich 1839 - 41 former Minister of Internal Affairs, and 1849 b. becoming a member of the State for the sake of.
There are many representatives of the Stroganov dynasty with an interest in literature, history, mysticism, and archaeology. Pavlo and Grigory Sergeyovich, while looking away, collected important libraries, collections of medals, paintings, etc.
The remaining representative of the dynasty, Sergiy Oleksandrovich, being a naval officer, actively sponsored the development of the army. Born in 1923 He died at Nice.
Division and acquisition of territory
In the 17th century In the history of Russian adoption, the Stroganov dynasty, in short, seems to have played a great role.
At 1749 r. The Chusovsky, Ziryansky, Novousolsky and Lenvensky salt industries were divided between the brothers. The lands of the upper Kama region with their people were deprived of their family power. Oleksandr Sergeyovich tried to master the Pavdenno-Ural territories. Having visited the Trinity-Satkinsky plant from 1755 to 1757. If the business turned out to be rich, Stroganov sold it to the merchant Luginin in 1769.
In the other half of the 18th century. Most of the Stroganov princes are recreated in the hands of the Shakhovsky, Golitsin, Lazarev, and Vsevolzsky princes. In addition, the territories where the Volod entrepreneurs passed almost twice through the acquisition of state-owned lands for the construction of factories.
Oleksandr Sergeyovich straight away called about the return of Volodin, but in 1790 r. hoping to be convinced of any claims against them. After the acquisition of the territory, state-owned metallurgical factories and settlements of the sovereign villagers were taken over. Yogo sin, Pavlo, 1817 before his death, asking Emperor Alexander I to translate the Perm document from the majorate.
Submitted to the imperial decree of September 11, 1817. Stroganov mothers go from one individual to another in the whole. It was defended in this part of the world to mortgage and sell private individuals to the powers, to be burdened with the Borg and other obligations. As soon as any property is built according to the violation of the decree, all of them will be considered ineffective, regardless of who and where they are placed. In the history of Russian adoption, the Stroganov dynasty is one of the poorest families, no matter how small their intercession. The status of majorate was retained by the Perm mayor until 1917.
Rozpad majorata
Vlada was trying to fix the rules of the Permian map. Prote, dissolution of trivav until 1917. In 1833 The area of the majorata became 1,551,625 dessiatines, and in 1859 - 1,456,576. And the number of men increased from 57,778 to 78,064 people. With the hastening of the disintegration of the Perm majorate, it was announced that the components were collected at the factories of the Urals. According to the law, all eligible citizens were required to be allocated lands. In the course of Stroganov's designs from 1872 to 1886. Excessive hardships, rural and industrial workers took away 700,982 dessiatines.
Majorata Square is similar to the 1880s. was approximately the same as in 1858. This is due to the fact that the number of labels increased between 1872 and 1877. . for the expansion of the territory of other members of the Stroganov dynasty. So, in 1872 The lands of Sergius Grigorovich - about 600,000 dessiatines from the Kinovsky plant - went to the magistrate's warehouse. A 1877 r. Alexander Grigorovich sold the major for 1 million rubles. 150 thousand tithes from Leven industries. Apparently, until 1886. The area of the site amounted to 1.5 million dessiatines. Sergius Stroganov increased his income by adding 1890 rubles. The Utkin plant near the Demidovs has approximately 90 thousand dessiatines of land (although the count had to give 24 thousand dessiatines to the population of the Girnizavodsky center).
At the beginning of the 20th century, changes in the area of the majorate will continue. It was connected with the boundaries of the earth and super rivers and vessels. In 1907-17 rr. About 100 thousand dessiatines went to the masters, large industrialists and courtyard workers, similar to the Stroganovs. As a result of the Yellow Revolution, 1,464,576.81 dessiatines were in the possession of the majorate.
Reorientation of production
At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new stage in the history of Russian entrepreneurship began.
The Stroganov dynasty is small and large forested territories. Shortly before the First World War, factories in Majorata stopped bringing in significant profits and began to close. As a result, Stroganov refocused on timber sales. The wood was floated to Tsaritsyn along the Volzi and Kami rivers. For 1915 rub. was sent to fox for 915 thousand. rub.
In another place, the Stroganovs’ production plant took over the release of the zaliz and chavun. Thus, the Bilimbaevsky plant smelted nearly 6 million poods of chavun, and the Utkinsk plant smelted over 6.5 million poods. The Dobryansky plant, from its own source, extracted from this plant about 9.5 million poods of sales.
On the cob of the First World War, Stroganov was tricked by the state about the production of artillery shells at the Dobryansky plant. For someone from America, born in 1916. the necessary possession was brought.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Majorata still had saltworks. In 1908 - 17 years of age. the stench released about 3.5 million poods of salt. In 1917 in Usolya there were 5 sverdlovins and 7 varnits, in Lenvi there were 5 sverdlovins and 8 varnits.
Even the Pributkovs and Boroshnomelna were producing. Until 1917 the Perm major has saved 56 working mills and 160 verstats from the boroshn plant.
The most important period of the first light steel peat laying with Stroganov mat.
Baroni Stroganov - masters of mysticism
Sergey Grigorovich - a prominent representative of the dynasty - for the active participation of Rastrella, he visited the St. Petersburg palace, where he exhibited a collection of paintings. Since then, my son Oleksandr has continued the tradition. After the great revolution, he became the first Russian philanthropist.
Alexander Stroganov - a prominent nobleman of the Catherine period - traveled to European countries. There, he was buried in collections of books and paintings. The Baron turned to Fatherlandism under the enemies of European libraries. In Russia, the first library was owned especially for Paul I.
The first Count Stroganov was lucky enough to collect a large collection of sculptures, paintings, and books. Already in the late 18th century, the funeral of the Kazan Cathedral near St. Petersburg began. Before the present day, only Russian architects and artists were recruited.
Pavlo Oleksandrovich, son of A. S. Stroganov, was very close to the imperial budin of Alexander I. He was registered with the military authorities.
Educational activities
Stroganov began to actively lead to the beginning of the 19th century. Count Sergiy Grigorovich became the most beautiful representative of the “new generation”. He actively supported the development of trade schools and schools for the poor. In 1825 r. The count, for his own money, started a painting school near Moscow, the famous "Stroganivka".
For the last three hours, Sergiy Grigorovich stood in front of the Moscow University. Being an archaeologist, a member of the historical family, he made a great contribution to the developments of Russian numismatics. In Crimea, Stroganov took an active part in the vigil of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. He also created the Archaeological Commission and became its permanent head.
Visnovok
After the Yellow Revolution of 1917, the remaining representative of the human line of the Stroganov dynasty, Sergei Oleksandrovich, handed over the keys to the palace in St. Petersburg to the People's Commissar of Education. After whom he moved beyond the cordon. Some of the valuables that were lost in the hut were given to the Hermitage, and some were stolen. Over the years, the Stroganov Palace had a lot of different installations. Born in 1988 The dispute was transferred to the Russian Museum. Nina is concerned about the active restoration of the palace.
Representatives of the female line of the Stroganov dynasty are lagging behind the cordon today. The names of the stench, obviously, are long gone. In 1992, one of the representatives of the dynasty, Olena de Lundinghausen, founded a charitable foundation. All the money that has been found so far will go directly to the restoration and reconstruction of monuments, including architectural disputes, the Stroganiv slaughter in the Russian Federation.
Insanely, the Stroganovs were scooped up for the state even more richly. I especially want to emphasize her intercession with mysticism, books, and sculpture. The administrative activity of the dynasty brought enormous sums before the execution, the necessary implementation of foreign political tasks that stood before the representatives of the ruler.
