Lenin's brain was taken for examination by a doctor. Lenin's best organ is the head brain
Side 1 of 2
Monika Spivak
VOLODYMIR ILLICH LENIN AT THE MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF THE BRAIN
In memory of Dr. N. S. Popov
1. "Nova zustrіch z Іllіchem hvilyuє..."
The text of publications is similar to memoirs, although memoirs do not have a clear meaning of the word. Tse vydpovidi Nadiya Kostyantinivna Krupskoy on the questionnaire, how to conduct the Moscow Mozko Institute. The very same after the death of hopes for the death of Volodymyr Illich Ulyanov (Lenin), the first leader of the secular proletariat and the first leader of the first socialist state. The widow of the leader was inquired by the specialists of the Institute of Mozko, naturally, about a person who died after a serious illness in 1924. Vіdpovіdі on zapitannja were written down and nabuli looked good. Text dating 1935 rock.
First we know the riddle about this exotic document was leaked to the Radyansky druk in Khrushchov's "Vidliga", 1963. The newspaper "Izvestia" published an article, even more tritely called "Smile and Vidvazhniy.." The article said:
"In the Institute for Marxism-Leninism under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, a marvelous document is being collected, which has not been published before.
"My opinion on the questionnaire to the Mozko Institute in 1935.
The questionnaire itself was not saved. Vіdpovіdі є є sutsіlny typewritten text іz dosit rіdkіsnimi amendments made by Nadіya Kostyantinіvna. The help of Krupskaya was small enough to help us to understand the genius of Volodymyr Illich I, obviously, they were not assigned to others. The signs of their special features - often repeat, a large number of small touches and details in the behavior of the character of Volodymyr Illich, and sometimes even the special character of the spogadiv, that in a flash, was not powerful Nadiya Kostyantinivn. Nova zustrіch іz Іllіchem hvilyuє”.
The article had that majestic historical role that N.K. Krupsk played in the memory of Lenin:
"The sole of the Special Special In the Leniniyan, the Skogadi Lylizho leader of the people - the bone Kostyantini Krupko. The Revolutionary Revolutionary, simple, Provincial Lyubiva, lubbing dietary supplements of the boule of the table. until the end of his days... Numerical articles, promotions of Krupskaya confirm the vivid and rich image of the Illicha, the drawing of his character.
It was pointed out to the peculiarities, the special character of these conspiracies, which were not assigned to each other:
"Nadiya Kostyantinivna is a rіshche ruinous deakі nіvіrnі, but now the statements about Lenin have become untraditional. In detail and report, Nadіya Kostyantinіvna, like a pratsyuvav Lenin. To this, Krupsk speaks especially outrageously about the hoarding, dear little stars of Illich Nadiya Kostyantinivna, and about those who Lenin is not able to work, about those who do not love wine.
"In the future, there will be frequent citations from other known biographies of V. I. Lenin, which are being prepared by the Institute."
Here, it’s not the Institute of Mozku, but the Institute of Marxism-Leninism, that’s for sure. However, another saw "Biographies" by V.I. Lenin, just like that, in time, and in the coming fates, Krupskaya’s confession, the Mozko Institute was not sued to appear on the questionnaire of the Mozko Institute: the Brezhnev era did not show interest to the leader “in human guise” ... a document, quickly announced in 1963 by the newspaper Izvestia," I started to zabul again at the old days.
Already in the hours of M. S. Gorbachov, in the era of glasnost and peresbudov, before the document turned anew. In 1989, a number of publications with banknotes from the collections of memoirs of Lenin and Lenin, known by the Institute of Marxism-Leninism, were called "From N.K. . The first publication, not accompanied by explanations about the nature of the text, which is presented to the readers, and the "review" announcement of 1963 gave rise to an impersonal diet: Why, with his thoughts about the late man N.K. not just with scientists, but with specialists from the higher education area, from specialists of the Mozko Institute? Yak on the right bouldered the pracіvniki shanovnogo pawn before, how Lenin looked and how pratsyuvav? Who dared (otherwise: who was allowed?) to question the leader's widow? What kind of profile is that, for Krupsk’s little evidence, and for the thought (dodamo, for a pardon thought) of the author of the “Vdominskaya” article, did not save? Why, nareshti, was the wonderful questioning less than 1935, more less ten years after the death of the leader? And so far. The supply could be multiplied ... In addition, naturally, I wanted to know, because N. K. Krupskaya's opinions on the questionnaire of the Institute of Mozka were not received before the text of the publication of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism ...
2. The body of the leader
Everything started when Lenin died. Death came on September 21, 1924, on the 18th anniversary of 50 hvilin. Її could not be called unsupported. The party and the ranks were prepared for it far ahead of time, it was impossible to overcome all the difficulties and problems that it gives rise to. Need terminovі diї and vivazhenі solution. The canonization of the leader was taken step by step, one might say, in parts. At night, on the 22nd of September, a commission was created for the organization of the funeral and honoring the memory of V.I. Lenin. Tsya komіsіya practiced for a long time and was engaged in assigning the name of Lenin to places, undertakings and establishments, controlling the images of the leader in painting, literature and memoirs, collecting his archives, seeing works, linking memos and other rights. Among them, the first bulo is assigned to the ritual of pohovannya and virishite the share of the body of the leader after the funeral. got over possible options: cremation abo, navpaki, creonuvannya, tobto - deep freezing; alcoholization, as practiced in Russia for Peter the Great, or mummification on the basis of the knowledge of Ancient Egypt ... Deyakі navіt did not include the simplest, natural option - the honorary burial of the body on Chervonіy Square. Some propagated the protection of the body of the leader of the earth from the mirkuvan for tradition, others simply did not believe in the possibility of a trivial preservation of the body. They wanted to save the corpse for more than a deaky hour (for the help of timchas embalming and for the winter cold weather) - so that the people and workers could say goodbye. Year after year, the ideas of "timchasovogo" savings passed to mriy about savings in the evening.
Peremіg variant museєfіkatsії and exposition of the body near the mausoleum. Vіn buv podkrіpleny most vagomimi political arguments. “In a few days, you have made a pilgrimage to Lenin’s toil for dozens and hundreds of thousands of workers,” Stalin said at the II All-Union Z’izd Happy on September 26, 1924. “In a day’s time, you will make the pilgrimage of millions of workers to the grave of Comrade Lenin. You can be sure of that , representatives of dozens and hundreds of millions of people from the other countries of the world will follow the representatives of the millions, so that you can see that Lenin was the leader of the Russian proletariat, the European workers, the colonial assembly of the earthly workers
Later, the course was set for the organization of the pilgrimage. However, just on the cob of birch, ahead of the spring weather, it was decided to "see the insides, cover them with vaseline" and nevertheless decided to designate the best possible way to save the body. For more than a month, the concept of embalming overcame, proponed by B.I. Zbarsky and V.P. Vorobyovym. The "piss" of the leader, taken away as a result of the work of his method, really became a place of pilgrimage, the stench of this day lies at the Mausoleum on Chervoniy Square.
3. Brain of the leader
Respect to Lenin's brain was tied up with annitrohi no less, lower to the yogo body. Aja is very important, not entirely clear for the trips of the ailment, the brain caused such an early, at 53 rocky, sight of the leader from life. A detailed description of the shriveled injuries of tissues and vessels, occupying the central space in reports about death, protocols of the rose, the names of pathologists, memoirs of doctors.
"The main ailments of Volodymyr III were considered hardening of the walls of the vessels (arteriosclerosis). Roztin confirmed that this was the main cause of the illness and death of Volodymyr III. її did not fall off at the transverse cut, they significantly covered the light, and in some cases the flooring was leaking with a vape, which they hit with tweezers, like on brushes. On the whole left pimple, the brushes appeared, so that the rupture of the veins of the brain, the blockage of the vessels did not deliver blood to these veins, the ingestion of the brain tissue was damaged. those "who gave rise to the body of Volodymyr Illich", People's Commissar for the Protection of Health M. A. Semashko.
INSHII was echoed by the drug and the axis to take the same, the piercing of the artillery of the signs of the Zagalny Stovbur, - all, all, the same, the fiction of the cerebral of the cerebral of the cerebral of the cerebral, Enlightenment yogo let through only the bristles of the artery of the base of the brain, it showed up like a clogged flooring, which, having lost the enlightenment, was less than a hairpin; at the moment of expansion, the brain appeared before the doctors present at the new one in a created look, with scars, which twisted the outlines of the most noble in the functional aspect of yoga. The beauty of yoga - zvivini - sunk; rozm'yakshennya "toscho.
In these and numbered similar descriptions, everything was out of whack. In the first place, the head of the leader's brain appeared small (1340 grams), without overshooting the norm and winding a troch up to it, not reaching it. In principle, we learned for a long time that the brain does not spit on particularity, the intensity and the brightness of the rozum activity, but still ... And in the mind of Lenin, I especially wanted a person of such a prominent, capable mind, able to see, able and all the senses have a vagomic brain.
In another way, the sickness did not understand, that the organ of thought of the leader of the proletarian proletariat was shattered, it called for that explanation. The rest was especially important, the shards actively circulated bits about the "specific" luetic behavior, which means a negain's chatter.
In both cases, ideology came to the aid of science. Shvidko ran into the carriage. Earlier they talked about those who had a great brain size around 1395-1400, but now they began to call the norm brain and in 1300 r. In addition, vicoristals and the factor of ailment, as if part of the brain tissues were destroyed. "The brain's brain was 1340 grams, but the weight of the brain was not equal, because part of the brain was crippled with ailment; it was lower than the norm. The average weight of the human brain is 1300 - 1400 grams. to a new bulo, ymovirno, close to 1400 grams, then it’s more than average, - having said the opinion of the psychiatrist V.P. "Healthy, the brain was reborn even more good, which indicates a hard brain. I was struck by this world of shock, like a bula, it was necessary to marvel, like a brain pratsyuvav at your camp, and next to take into account that the other ailment in the yoga world has long been not like that, like a boon Volodymyr Іllіch pіd hієїїї.
The cause of the illness of death was also revealed: "The greatest character of the sclerosis of appointments in the protocol is like a sclerosis of the sclerosis of the courts, of the practice, of the courts. With this protocol, the protocol puts an end to the mustaches (that and balakanin), as they fought for the life of Volodymyr's character and that we have sickness".
A unique illness appeared before us "as a result of an overstrain in the work, transcendental brain activity, important minds of the revolutionary podpіll, in the 'yaznitsa,' the exhortation of that emigration." As explained by M. A. Semashko, sclerosis is worn out "having struck us in front of the brain, that is the organ that has worked hard for the whole life of Volodymyr Illich; buv at the stressed robot, vіn systematically peretolyuvavsya, all strained diyalnіst and all hvilyuvannya hit us in front of the brain ".
Try the medics to viroblyat philosophic, psychological and navіt hour of esthetic zagalnennya z rahuvannyam visual caution over the ailing organ began nevdovzі after the publication of the results of the rose. "The marvelous artist of Budovy Budovy Vyvyu was wagged with a wandered sore process of Volovi izpulsi (steel will), I Geniialni Duma, surpassed, vihov in the head brain. it beat like a mighty fountain and screeched like a furnace. the brain "and so on," one of the largest pathologists N.F.
Prior to the attempts of doctors to treat the brain ailments of the leader, politicians actively joined in, yakі zagalnili dialogues of doctors. Their arsenal had more pathos, more expression, more figurativeness.
"The best representatives of science, the best luminaries of science, said: this person burned out, she got her brain, she gave her shelter to the robotic class without excess," - speaking at the meeting of Leningrad for the sake of workers and peasant deputies on February 7, 1924. G. Y. Zinov'ev. Even earlier (September 26) and even more clearly the same thought, having spoken at the promo at the plaintive meeting of the II All-Union Star, Glad L. B. Kamenev: ulcer of the mosquito. Likari, yaki distal with dead tili Volodimir izuy kuli tsi likili, I yogo mobs, a wonderful mosa, plague does not know the iv ae. , without any savings, having scattered our yoga, like crying in all parts of the world, so that the drops of blood and the brain of Volodymyr Illicha were sent then by regiments, battalions, divisions, armies ... ".
Naturally, with such an understanding of the brain lesions of Lenin, his brain, having died as a result of "worn out", that selfless service to communism and the proletarian revolution, is guilty of buv - like to the embalmed body, like to the kuli Kaplan, memorial speeches - become an object of worship and the subject of a museum exhibition. And so it happened. Saved dated September 24, 1924. a receipt from the one who "representative of the Institute of U. I. Lenin, comrade .I. Lenin) having taken a look at A. Ya. :
"I, undersigned to Arosev, having taken away the name of Comrade White on the 24th of September 18, 25 hvilin in the evening for the Institute of V.I.
I want to save money at the Institute of V.I.
And it’s not a big deal about those that “the brain and heart of Volodymyr Illich was transferred to the museum named after Lenin on Dmitrivtsy in Moscow,” recalling V.P. in the Leningrad Budinka of Education named after. G. V. Plekhanov. Vіn suggestively recommending: "If you are in Moscow, then I will see the museum. Everything that Volodymyr Illich stands for, beginning with the people and death, is selected there. . There nadіyshov i yogo mozok".
Prote at the museum on Dmitrivtsi, whose extraordinary exhibit did not lie there for long. On the vіdmіnu vіd tіla and especially vіd vіd vіd і vіd vіd vіd і cauldron the head's brain could be like an object of ovishny shanuvannya, but also the subject of serious scientific researches. Qiu zagalnu for physicians and powers installation in the form of their own oath of a new hour having spoken N.F. Melnikov-Rozvedenkov: "Now, if the physical death of V.I. , in respect of the obov'yazkoy vshanuvaty memory of the defender of the ignorant vineyards of knowledge at the time of the growth of the body of the body, the change in the brain and the cost of presenting the new data of science, as V.I. Lenin appreciated and placed high. ".
4. Superhuman Diagnosis
In 1925, a special laboratory was organized for the cultivation of Lenin's brain. Arsenal zaobіv zabіv that novichok, scho to change on ozbroєnі vytchisnyanyh physicians, it turned out insufficient for vykonannya tsgo grandiose zavdannya, and cheruvati course of scientific prats asked the famous German neurologist Oskar Vogt (Vogt Oskar; 1870-1959).
Since 1919, the year of the birth of the Neurobiology Institute near Berlin. On the cob of the 1920s lay the spіvrobіtnitstva of Radyansk Russia with O. Vogt. "From 23 or 24 to Moscow, one hour at a time, Oskar Vogt, the famous neuropathologist, neurologist and brain, who created a vchennya in the architectonics of the great brain, arrived. Lenina, viniclo nutrition about the birth of Lenin's brain. The first axis after the death of Lenin in 1925 was the turn of Vogt for whom I came to Moscow again, - having guessed the famous Russian geneticist M. V. Timofiev-Resovsky. - Vіn is such a left-winger, like a hulker. Stinks of insults with Lenin" in 70 years and, in my opinion, in that very month they were born... Tsіkava bula lyudina. Vin and physically similar to Lenin: the same fox, the same beard the new goat was bula and looked even similar. wine, if you are more timid, speaking even more similarly.
Based on the testimony of O. Vogt himself, vin "1925, having taken the request of Lenin's scientific brain for the same communist party." The request was commended. The work started up. For Vogt's project in Nіmechchinі, a special facility was prepared for the follow-up: microscopy, a photographic laboratory, and a lot more. Particularly important are the boules of the "brain" aparati - the macrotome, which divides the brain into sprats of large shmatki, and the microtome, which allows the preparation of the brain from the brain of impersonal thinnest views. Radianski vcheni violated to Nіmechchini probation and discovered a folding method of follow-up, proponing by Vogt:
"The method of this method, so called cytoarchitectonic," the newspaper "Izvestiya" informed a mass reader about the new achievements of science, "of the foundations for the development of the growth and development of nerve cells in the brain. I yogo psycho of the specialty at the brain of the little people, professor fogt rosarine, so called Klitini-grane I Klitini-Pіramіdalnі. up to 1 meter) such a rank, pyramіdalnі Klitini, heavily (ascense). 3rd ball in the surface of the brain ". They thought that "the material basis of psychic giftedness" was attached to the new one.
Great hopes relied on Vogt's method:
"Вивчення тонкої гістологічної будови нервових клітин та їх відростків, як елементів нервової системи - дало можливість встановити (дослідження проф. Фогта), що цитоархітектоніка, тобто будова та розташування нервових клітин та їх відростків, становлять складну градативно ускладнюється картину - від нижчих тварин до вищою , and in mawp to great and gifted people. The first reason for the development of cytoarchitectonic measles of the brain, both between different and similar groups of the created kingdom, including people - gives us the possibility of materialistic, scientific knowledge of the mechanics of the brain and is gifted with the very nature of the problem of the brain modern people
With the help of the greatest German professor O. Vogt, who dissected human brains for an additional microtome into tens of thousands of instruments (over 30,000 views), the foundation was laid for the study of the cytoarchitectonics of the brain, which is the key to explaining the genetics
The first results of the grafting of Lenin's brain were taken away in less than two years. In 1927, Roci Vogt spoke with a stellar addendum to the leading practitioners:
"When Porivnyanni, Lenina (Znoye is 34 Tysyachi Zrizіv), with the vigorous cerebral of the middle people, having demonstrated to the professor of Vogt, the rifle is visible in the structure of Lenina, Piriydalni Klitini in the Lenin -Silni -Syli Syerny. асоціативні) волокна між ними розвинені набагато більше, клітини-зерна також значно більші і яскравіші, цим професор Фогт пояснює особливості психіки Леніна. багато вище - доказом цього служать більш розвинені з'єднання між пірамідальними клітинами, почуття дійсності і перевірка одержуваних вражень Леніна були набагато вищими: відчуття і враження, одержувані в одному місці, виправлялися і поповнювалися цілою низкою інших пірамідальних клітин з їх сполучними відростками. т основні риси психіки Леніна, його геніальність, його здатність швидко розбиратися у складних положеннях та питаннях та його здатність до швидкої акції (дії )”.
The mysterious "third ball" became a real trump card in the hands of the Leninist genius: "The first axis of this third ball appeared richly inspired and behind the dimensions of the ball itself, and according to the architecture, it was written in the form of galuzhuvany and the nerve fibers stretched far." And tse was known to the uninterrupted link with the leader's "Shvidki and correct vchinki and visnovkas".
Dopovіdani order of the results were found to be hostile, and the robot, how to carry out radyanski fahіvtsі under O. Vogt's kerіvnitstvom, is promising. The press choked like a hoot. Already the "man of the future" was groaning, the "cytoarchitectonic guise" was clearing up:
"The worship of the cerebral of the nash -nasal bar V. I. Lenina I Porvyannnya of the Thin Architectural Buddovs with the people of the middle -sulfide of the martyr's rivnya - Viyavlya vyazvichain's luggage of the Material substrate. brain) is undoubtedly the prototype of the brain of a possible superhuman
Such a material substratum of the brain and such a richness of the psyche of the impeccable genius of our time, as to give us the right to speak about supra-divine mental development the future superhuman, the image of which is insinuated in quiet glimpses of genius, like from hour to hour the modern people are engulfed "."
Nezabar, in 1928, Lenin's brain culture laboratory was transformed into the Institute of the Brain. The directors of the new scientific establishment became wider and allowed the brain of Lenin to be equal to the brains of not only average people, but also prominent people, don’t let them be great, like Lenin, but still ...
"At the grass of 1936, the head of the Committee from the head of the initial mortgages having added to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks that in ten years "the main, most important task has been completed, for some of the creations of the institute - the birth of Lenin's brain." It was especially told to Stalin that one can speak about the “all-in-one high organization of Lenin’s brain” by a whole series of signs (it’s furrowed and thinner): Lenin’s brain was “compared with ten pivkul of the “middle people”, as well as the brain of Skvortsov-FokologoStepanov, Mayakovsky Bogdanov". At the brain of Lenin appeared "a great eyeball, furrowed frontal part parallel with the brain of Kuibishev, Lunacharsky, Menzhinsky, Bogdanov, Michurin, Mayakovsky, Academician Gulevich, Tsiolkovsky ..." thin.
5. Questionnaire for the Mozku Institute
Itself in the 1930s, the fates of the work of education, the selection of that pairing of brilliant minds was carried out with the greatest intensity. The number of the collection grew (they called it the Pantheon), the staff of specialists expanded, and new scientific methods were promoted. The very same at the Institute began to take care of not only the birth of the mother's brain, but also the special features of the late Volodar. У розробленому в 1933 році проекті Положення про Державний науково-дослідний Інститут мозку стверджувалося: "Інститут має при собі Пантеон мозку видатних політичних діячів, діячів науки, літератури, мистецтва. У завдання Пантеона входить зберігання мозку видатних людей, збирання різноманітних матеріалів, що характеризують особистість died, Folding on the basis of the materials of the characterological articles, drawings, monographs and publication of them, as well as the creation of the exhibition, with the method of wide popularization of the dead.
Three new selections of characterological data about the exhibits of the collection, becoming declared as the main principle of approach to those that are constantly practiced in the Institute. "Maychi in his own outbreaks in Denmark for the time, the low -level Mizkiv was dead, the videman -diyachiv union, and such a widom, he specially wiggled by the institute about the individual cichs, the fans of the t. , yakі vydnosini with the current level of our knowledge can be razkritі mіzh the structure and function of measles of the brain and in that direction", - it was at the front of the collection of scientific practices to the Institute.
In the popular speech, the thought looked more ominous and more vague: "It is superbly dbaily and resolutely the Institute compares the details of the character, picking up material about the sounds, about the peculiarities of the skin."
The main source of information about the character, the stars and the illustrious figures of the deceased genius were his relatives and friends. They were trained up to a special "Scheme of Promotion", as a bula for the Institute's specialist in the specialty of a gifted person. "Scheme of follow-up" is a methodical aid, which is broadly christened about topics and food, where you can respect the spivrobitnik. The folding of the "Scheme of follow-up" was respected by the right and important one. Only in 1932, roci began "to a detailed operation of the nursery", for the help of "fahivtsiv-consultants", they planned to finish it no earlier than through the river. At the penultimate plan of the Institute for 1933-1937. повідомляється, що "у 1933 році повинна бути розроблена шляхом залучення фахівців-психологів та психоневрологів форма характерологічної анкети, яка повинна лягти в основу збирання та вивчення матеріалу з подальшим літературним оформленням у формі видання щорічно характеріологічних нарисів, присвячених життю та діяльності видатних людей". Possibly, L. S. Vigotsky took part in the creation of the "Scheme ...".
First, what did the authors of the "Scheme…" say about the "history of the development of this specialty": childishness, the school period, the beginning of independent activity, the period of creativity, the other half of life, the rest of the fates, death ... That was the report biography.
Dalі z'yasovuvalis factors of decline: vіdomosti about all relatives on vyskhіdnіy and nіzkhіdnіy lines were taken; as an addendum there was a graphic scheme, on the square of the genealogical tree; vines scrambled.
Great respect was attached to the constitutional features of the people: the growth and hair were fixed, the color of the eyes and hair, the life of the body, the body became thin. bud. process. In this rank, practically everything was protected: setting up to nature, people, books, to the power of "I", likening that phobia, sounds and sounds; chikavili the robot, pobut, state of life, respect, uyava, memory ...
Nareshti, there was a vysnovok behind the advancing parameters: 1) analysis of the infusion of factors in the middle on the formation of the number of individuals; 2) recession and її singularity; 3) characteristics of constitutional facts; 4) specificity of the sensorimotorium; 5) analysis of other aspects of specialness (emotional-affective, volitional and intellectual spheres) and their interaction; 6) specificity of creativity of an individual; 7) seeing the main features of the nature of the individual, the main її core.
The result blamed the universal description of the person, and the psychological portrait of the reports.
Obviously, the same questionnaire itself, which N.K. Todi became sensible and surprisingly, at first glance, the themes of guessing, and the current style, and, nareshti, the date of the document - 1935 r. At that time, the "Scheme of Dosledzhennya" was, first, invented and, in a different way, tested on relatives of other prominent specialties, such as the brain of Lenin, like the brain of Lenin, entered the collection of the Institute.
6. N. K. Krupskoy's opinions
Naturally, to question the widow of Lenin and put together a characterological portrait of the leader, it was more folded and unsafe, lower to interview the relatives of the former writers, academicians and party leaders at once. In the meantime, it’s not clear what kind of characterological portrait of Lenin was taking shape, it’s quiet, like it was formed by the Mozko Institute’s collaborators at the exhibition of other exhibits in the collection ... It’s not clear what other people from Lenin’s sharpening (relatives, party comrades) were experimented with. Without a doubt, Krupsky did not put food about a sexual likeness of a person, shkidlivy zvichka, etc. Obviously, food was strictly controlled, which one asks, and no less severely censored were opinions. Prote yakіs pitanya їy still put і on yakіs pitannya vydpovidala…
About those, like the Institute of the Mozku in the work of cultivating the special features of Lenin, one can still fantasize more, judge lower. Alemy at the best camp, below the author of the "visible" article, born in 1963 Vіn honestly prozvіtuvav at the fact that "at the right" є "vіsіm sides of the typewritten text with rare corrections" . Dorimuyuchis yoga vkazivok, we turned back to the same archival reference. For some, as if it was ochіkuvalis, є zgadanі vіsіm storіnok storіnok typescript and zgadanii wrote by Krupskaya's hand on the first side: "My opinion on the questionnaire of the Mozko Institute in 1935". With a lot of great zdivuvannyam we have shown that "in an hour I'll walk a dog for a moment of pudrosity." "Right" since 1963, as a result of various archival migrations and perturbations, has been replenished with materials from other funds. As a result, there were already three typewritten copies of Krupskaya's notes on the questionnaire (one - weaves), a school file, in which Krupskaya's notes were written by hand, and also - the "Scheme of Dosledzhennya" itself, which was respected by the author of the article, but was not saved. The manuscript has more space, less typescript. All copies of Krupskaya's statements, including manuscripts, should be edited. Sometimes corrected have a stylistic character. However, most of the weekends are Sunday. It turns out that it was not Krupska who spoke out, and not the one who questioned his interviewer at the Mozko Institute.
Along the path of matching the manuscript with typescripts, we were given a chance to sort out and recognize a greater part of the resurrected. The shortest time was most recognized by those who superimposed on the ideal image of the leader, who, in his line, was named as party image makers. So, there were phrases about those that Lenin was not tormented by either hallucinations or court cases, that he was not ill with a sea ailment ... Mabut, the blues was the very possibility of suspecting the leader of these ailments. They tweeted about those who, one eye of Lenin, grew higher, lower and lower. It seems that they were wary of the dawn of Lenin's dawn - why not through ideological clichés about his far-sightedness? Accepted a memoir phrase about the leader's mother-in-law, yak, it appears, bachila farther and better, lower the leader himself. Krupskaya's notes about those who have Lenin's voice - tenor have been closed. The replacement for a disreputable "tenor" was added as a "baritone". These reasons have tidied up Lenin's predilection for light reading, fiction, leaving out of interest to encyclopedic sights... I. etc.
The most recent version of Krupskaya's responses to the Mozko Institute's questionnaire is published below - behind the notes from the student's paper. Everything is fixed, what was far away rose, inspired. Revised fragments are shown in bold type.
On the obkladinci uchnivskogo zoshit, which served as the basis of our publication, - two important after: "First conversation - 19/IV-1935"; "Druha besid - 24/IV-35". It is obvious that it is important to give the exact date of N.K. Vіdpovіdі written in a characteristic handwriting that is remembered. It is not Krupskaya's handwriting, but Mikoli Semyonovich Popov's. That very interviewer to the Mozko Institute, which was an interview with the leader on April 19 and 24, 1935. With a stretch of rich fates, wines close to the family of Ulyanovsk, enter at the high stake ... Cim, madly, next explain those who themselves were honored to interview Krupsk. Nezabar, perhaps, for the closeness and "entrance" Dr. Popov paid for his good life. In the grass of 1938, the fate of the courts was condemned to the present world of punishment, to which the executions.
N. S. Popov had two biographies: an official biography, recorded in service questionnaires, and an unofficial biography, not particularly advertised.
First things first: “Popov Mikola Semenovich. Rick of the people 1895. A native of the large Don region. The middle education was taught at the Novocherkassk gymnasium, in which I started from 1906 to 1914. In 1914 having entered the Medical Faculty of the Moscow University, which ended at 192 m., that was interrupted. the busyness was interrupted at the call with a call to the military service (at the black letters, otrimavshi the line.) From the chest, 1917. having worked at the large Lipetsk county of the Tambov province as an epidemiological paramedic, then in charge of the Narodnaya consecration of the head of the hair, then the county of Vikonkom, and then, from the other half of 1919. - on the epidemic of typhus as a medical student, near Moscow. as the head of the Іnform vіddіl and the secretary of the political department of the train. until the end of 1921 pratsyuvav yak assistant vіyskkom medfakіv m. Moscow. vіnchiv snail 1923
From 1923 to 1926 he worked as an intern at the Clinic of Nerve Ailments of the 1st Moscow University. Z 1926 after the completion of residency transfers to the Mozko Institute. Until 1929, he worked alternately in Moscow and Berlin, where he was three times vizhzhzhav at the scientific development. From the beginning of 1929 to the present hour I work in the Int Mozka with two breaks: at the 1930s. worked on the line of the People's Commissariat for Health in Kazakhstan and one time (1931/1932) worked on party work at various factories in the Moscow region.
Now - the biography is unofficial, as in the "life story" compiled by Popov himself in 1935, it is not shown. It is not appointed that the son of a priest is guilty, that his relatives are beyond the cordon, having taken away the number of party constrictions. But enough of what has been said, to understand that Mikola Semenovich Popov, having taken up medical science and practice with special party tasks.
The most important podia in yoga life and kar'єri became in 1923 roci. Molodiy, communist M. S. Popov, who called for help from the authorities, "with directions at Girka for a constant watch over the ailing Volodymyr Illich Lenin, with whom he knew until his death." For the sake of people close to Popov, he was no less than serving Lenin as a nurse, and th, being a neuropathologist intern, conducting employment from him to renew his mov... Vogtu learn how to finish the brain of Lenin, discover the folding science of cytoarchitectonics.
From that same 1923, Popov's connection with the homeland of the Ulyanovs continued. Calling on everything, vin buv їkhnіm home healer. Vletka 1934 and 1935 Vіn posterіgav for the health of Hanni Illivni, in 1936. Spousing Dmitri Illich on a trip to the Nimechchina ... I was at home with Nadiya Kostyantinivna and especially close to Mary Illivna. At Girkah Popov, boos often; maybe, it’s not just like a doctor, but like a friend (Hirkah took a lot of words, like a good luck: a motorcycle, a bicycle ...). It is symbolic that Dr. Popov was arrested immediately after his last visit to Girka. There, in the bosom of nature, at the same time from the nineteenth anniversary of the 1st of February 1938, fate is a week-long day. After the turn, 2nd birch, Yogo was taken away ...
Vtim, how close to the leader's family played a fatal role in the share of M. Z. Popov. Not less, but perhaps even more significant, there are few those who are a post-mortem patient, N.I. Bukharin. Doctors and numerous out-of-pocket drills did not go to the fury. In addition to everything, and also a friend of the geneticist M.V. on comrade Stalin i, nareshti, for the guilt of a mortal man.
1956 year Mikola Semenovich Popov rehabilitated.
NOTES
1 Ermolovich N. "Smiley and Vidvazhny": What did N. K. Krupsk tell about V. I. Lenina // Izvestia. 1963. 6 April. No. 83 (14246). Z. 5.
2 Div: Volodymyr Іllіch Lenin. Biography. View 2nd. M., "Politvidav", 1964. The first time I saw it was 1960.
3 Div: Tell me about Volodymyr Illich Lenin: In 10 volumes. T.2. M., 1989. S. 367-372.
4 About the death of the leader, various aspects of enhancing his memory and ways of canonization of his divinity: Petrenko N. (pseudonym B.N. Ravdina) Lenin at Girkah - sickness and death (Dzhereloznavchi notes) // Minule. Historical almanac. Vip.2. M., 1990. S.143-291; Lopukhin Yu.M. Pain, death, that embalming V.I. Lenin. M., 1997. These books and rich facts and robots have helped us to understand a lot about topics and knowledge in the literature from this source.
5 A report about various projects of saving the body of the leader for posterity, as well as about super-girls and intrigues that appointed a share of the body, divas: Lopukhin Yu. M. Khvoroba, death and embalming V. I. Lenin. M., 1997; Ravdin B. N., Khanyutin A. Bile of the Great Grave // Foreshortening. Vip. 2. M., 1998. S. 78-96.
7 Div. About: Zbarsky I. B., Mykolaiv P. G. B. I. Zbarsky. M., 1990.
9 Osipov V.P. Pain and death of Lenin (For special reasons) // Our spark. 1925. No. 1 (13).
10 Melnikov-Rozvedenkov N.F. About the mechanism of anatomical changes in the brain V.I. Lenina // Vistі. 1924. 2 birch.
11 Tobto syphilitic. What kind of "delicate" food is used to understand different points of dawn. Div: Petrenko N. Lenin at Girkah - sickness and death (dzhereloznavchi notes) // Minule. Historical almanac. Vip.2. pp.195-204; Lopukhin Yu. M. Khvoroba, death and embalming V. I. Lenin. M., 1997 and in. Prote the very fact that doctors were given the task of publicly asking a bit about the leader's syphilitic illness, blaming the author's offense.
12 Osipov V.P. Pain and the death of Volodymyr Illich Ulyanov-Lenin (For special reasons) // Our spark. 1925. No. 1 (13).
14 Petrenko N. Lenin at Girkah - sickness and death (dzhereloznavchi notes) // Minule. Historical almanac. Vip.2. M., 1990. S. 89 and in.
16 Zinov'ev G. Lenin. L., 1924. P. 176.
18 Plant A. Ya. Bilenkoy and A. Ya.
19 RTSHIDNI. F. 16. Op. 2. Od. 80. L. 3.
20 Osipov V.P. Pain and death of Volodymyr Іllіch Ulyanov-Lenin (For special reasons) // Our spark. 1925. No. 1 (13). Sichen. pp. 9-23
21 Melnikov-Rozvedenkov N.F. About the mechanism of anatomical changes in the brain V.I. Lenina // Vistі. 1924. 2 birch.
22 U 1931 The Neurobiology Institute was reworked to the Berlin Institute of the Brain, and Vogt was the director until 1937. Let's sweat, maybe, through negativity with the power of the wines of the turmoil of the capital. In the jubilee article, it was written completely about it like this: "during the fascist regime in Germany, O. Vogt, for his progressive ideas, was reconsidered, and also for his friendly appointment to the SRSR, he was re-recorded. In 1937, in the capital of 66 years, O. Vogt". Vogt buv zmusheniya deprive his settlement and deprive him of the creations of his institute at Berlin-Buch. Ignorantly on the edge of your mind, O. Vogt did not spend his power energy and organized a small institute near Neustadt (Schwarzwald), which continued to work until the last days. Have 1959 r. In the name of Oskar Vogt and his comrade-in-arms Cecilia Vogt was awarded the Brain Institute at Neustadt. Div: Sarkisov S. A., Stankevich I. A., Preobrazhenska N. S., Polyakov G. I. Oskar Vogt (Until the 100th anniversary of the people) // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S. S. Korsakov. 1970. T. 70. Vip. 5. S. 764.
23 Timofeev-Resovsky N. Spogadi / Order. N. I. Dubrovina. M., 1995. Z. 171. Significantly, Vogt's scientific connections with Russia were surrounded by Lenin's brain. So, in the name of Vogt, the share and career of Timofiev-Resovsky himself was closely related: having spent wine at Berlin with Vogt's initiatives and heading the laboratory of genetics at the institute, enchanted by Vogt. So Vogt's zavdyaks are like the 1920s. was created in Moscow and the Russian-German laboratory of racial (geographical) pathology, the activity of which is considered ideologically interesting and will be looked at by us from a distance.
24 GARF. F.3316. Op.25. D.668. L.7 (2).
26 Melik-Pashaev N.Sh. People of the future (At the light of today's access to biology and medicine) // Life and technology of the future (Social and scientific and technical utopias). M.-L. 1928. S. 367.
28 Melik-Pashayev N. Sh. Lyudin of the future (At the light of the present, the access to biology and medicine). S. 368.
29 Ibid. Z. 367-368.
30 Cit. Quoted from: Volkogonov D. Lenin: Political portrait. M., 1994. Book 2. Z. 380-381.
31 GARF. F. 7668. Op. 1. D. 867. l. 1-2.
32 Sarkisov S.A. // Practice Institute of the Brain / Ed. I. N. Filimonova and S. A. Sarkisova. Vip.1. M.-L. 1935. S. 8.
34 GARF. F. 7668. Op. 1. D. 433. L. 8.
35 GARF. F. 7668. Op. 1. D. 1012. L. 18.
36 RTSHIDNI. F. 16. Op. 3-s. D. 26.
37 GARF. F. 7668. Op. 1. D. 2941. L. 2. The so-called “zhittєpis”, filed by N. S. Popov for consideration by the qualification committee of the Committee for the management of the commission and initial mortgages in 1935. On the basis of his autobiography and other documents of Popov's assumptions "until the appointment of an active member of the Mozko Institute of goiter, the presentation of a special dissertation on the scientific level of a doctor" (Ibid., L. 1.).
38 For the submission of a number of important reports about N. S. Popov, thanks to M. Yu. Lezhnova.
In the remaining two fates of the life of the wines, having changed under the constant gaze of the German doctors, and after death, the brain stretched out for ten more than the fates, and the German professor Oskar Vogt was still cherished by the robot.
Tsim Malovidomim of the Zhitty of the Povnsnovnik Radyanco Hold, and such a sorrow -member of the bond is the book of the nimestsky ostoika iokhen ryhter “Rasa, Elita, Paphos (Khronika Medical Biorait Lenina Tu.
Chіkuvannya at Girkah
Famous doctors, and Russians, and prescriptions from Germany could not have done anything more. Vіn mayzhe did not sleep. At Moscow, I went deaf a little, at night Lenin “sees like a dog”, vipadkovy passers-by with a flicker listen from afar.
Mark Aldaniv. self-destruction
On the twenty-seventh day of 1922, the fate of the decision of the All-Russian Central Exhibition Center Volodymyr Illich Lenin was appointed as a scientist of the Radiansk delegation at the Genoese Conference - an international conference on economic and financial nutrition. Shostoy fierce Lenin having uttered a directive, as a matter of course, that the delegation should seek to revise the Treaty of Versailles and annul all the borg. The conference started on 10 April. Prote naprikintsy birch Lenin buv zmushheniya vіdmovity in іd sposobistuї ї u nіy. Georgy Chicherin replaced him at the plantation of the stone-worker. Self-perceived Lenin lost his mind.
In the middle of the month, a German therapist, Georg Klemperer, first arrived at Lenin's jubilation. On one thought, the reason for the illness was that Lenin's body was fully otruyuvavsya lead, even after the swing of F. Kaplan, the leader's body was left with coolies. Surgeon Volodymyr Rozanov, who consulted Lenin, knowing later that you, like a healer, through the hands of which thousands of wounded people passed through, similar thought came to an absurd point, about which he was told to Commissar Semashko. Having waited for that, ale kulі all the same virishi vitiagti.
If a similar diagnosis was recognized by another German doctor who arrived in Moscow, - Moritz Borchardt, greeted and promoted: Unmoeglich! (“Impossible!”), but then, it seems, having thought better of it, maybe not to use the authority of your colleague in the eyes of Russian doctors, talking about “new achievements in my gallery”. On April 23, 1922, the surgeon Borchardt operated on Lenin and took one of the sculls. Another bag, which got stuck at the happy fabric, lost its place. At first glance, the operation went smoothly, and within a couple of days the patient took part in the meeting of the Politburo. Prote, in fact, the operation did not bring sourness, Klemper's shards could not find the correct cause of the illness.
On the fifteenth day of May, Lenin ordered the expansion of the stasis of the stratum - the only remaining bill, which is vin bachiv to the point of ailment. For ten days I suffered the first stroke. At red yogo, I re-stitched Klemperer. For the first time, the virok seemed to be accurate, albeit unintelligible: the patients were deprived of the entire second fate of life.
A neurologist from Wroclaw (Breslau) Otfried Foerster arrived on the cob of wormwood to Russia. From December 1922 to September 1924, the year of the wine was actually made of the bindings of the head doctor. The fault itself was affected by the fact that the success of the likuvanni patient was given not to medicines, but to peace of mind, walks and hikes near the forests. Looking for clothes, Lenin settled in Gorki - mother, who lay before the revolution, the widow Savi Morozov.
Zhovtnі Lenin re-started pracsyuvati in the Kremlin, it's true, his working day has been around for five years. However, in the middle of the chest, he suffered a second stroke and now leaning under the constant gaze of Foerster.
A month later, to Moscow, to participate in the first All-Russian Congress of Psychoneurology, the seniors of the brain arrived - friends Cecil and Oskar Vogt. I'll tell you about the "pathoarchitectonics", which increased the fourth quarter of the investigation of measles of the brain, and even more strongly attacked the attendants.
Nezabarno at the meeting of the Politburo, they started talking about Oskar Vogt's request for the jubilation of Lenin. Klara Zetkin attacked this candidacy, as she declared that Vogt was not only an all-world leader, but also a “communist from his perekonan” (Zetkin clearly overestimated the leftist persecution of the socialist Vogt). Only Zinov'ev hung out against the request, and Rikov hung up at the hour of voting. Vtіm, Vogt only consulted the doctors of Lenin; the patient himself did not get a chance to bachiti for his life.
On the ninth birch of 1923, after the third, even more important stroke, Lenin's ailment passed at a critical stage. Vіn using promo; The right side of the yoga body was paralyzed. The Radyansky order turned for help to a number of German doctors: therapists and neurologists Max Nonne, Oskar Minkovsky, Oswald Bumka and Adolf Strümpel. Together, from the Swedish and Russian colleagues, the stench formed an international council, which sat under Semashka's ceramics from birth until April 1923. The participants discussed the diagnosis and ways of exalting Lenin.
At that time, all the doctors were trying to understand the rules “In dubio suspice luem” (“In dubio suspice luem” (“In dubio suspice luem”). So viniklo pripuschennya, scho the cause of Lenin's ailment was zanedbany syphilis. He himself, to say the least, also did not turn off such a possibility and took salvarsan, and in 1923 he still tried drugs based on mercury and bismuth. Not to mention the request of Max Nonne, the author of the classic book “Syphilis and the Nervous System” (1902), is one of the most authoritative fakhіvtsіv in tsіy galuzі, which is like nothing else to diagnose the disease form of syphilis.
Prote zdogad buv asks. "Absolutely nothing said about syphilis" - having written down Nonna. Vіm, the very presence of that doctor gave rise to a bit about syphilis in Lenin. In the biographies of Lenin, one can still learn a little about them.
The participants of the council “reported all the efforts to save life to Lenin, oskolki ... after his death, the radical krill [party] came to power, skasuvannya new economic policy, rozryv whether trade money from behind the cord and the new economic collapse”, died at the hour of Lenin's illness, psychiatrist Oswald Bumke. VIN to do the same to the viravela psychologist Zamalovka: “Yak rule, Shchlnika Lenina ... Chergali Vіsim Likariv, Shіst Rosіyan I two nimsi ... Rosіyskі liki Buli was oversized in the Medichi, Acted by the good diz ideas. One thing did not come to them - the building of children. PID Hour of Bagatonominni Disquires Meni often built up, I bachi in front of me precisely, the smoked of the Rosiyki General Staff, Yaki from the Mostivobyshi moment of the same time, I went out in the dos of the Krashikhi, Ida, the murderer nurse. If you talk, that they are interrupted by the world for an hour ... about the Russian and German soul, about the science of science and the nourishment of the light-gazer, they brought any result, one of the Russian doctors started the same bag anew: “But you don’t think, you better those and those?"
Zreshtoy, htos іz nіmetskih likarіv brіvіvі, vypisuvav prescription і dbav about those, shchob s prescription buv not zabuty on the table, but vіddaniya in the pharmacy.
Tim, for an hour, became Lenin without puffing up. Nareshti, in the middle of the morning it was sprung again to bring to Girki "in hope for the whole day of the fresh wind." Prote diva was gone.
Vono th could not be. In the future of 1923, at the party of six kerivniks of the Radyansk state, options for the future commemoration of Lenin were discussed. As if weeping from the documents that were saved, even in the birch of the same fate in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Nimechchini, they begin to put together a speech, addressed to the radyansky order “for the sake of the death of the leader.” Light zavmer in ochіkuvannі zmin, yakі it is small to bring tsya death.
Time after time, the almighty leader changed from the subject of world history to the object of zusil doctors, as if they were acting for the instructions of the Politburo. Especially masterfully manipulated by Stalin. It is not without reason that a book by Ernst Schenk about the fate of the Soviet Socialist Republic in 1922-1923 was recently seen in Nіmechchyna, and it has such an unnamed name: “Medical Protocol of the Burial of the Vlad”. Understandably, Lenin didn’t hesitate, that already “it wasn’t the doctors who gave instructions to the Central Committee, but the Central Committee gave instructions to the doctors” (transferred from the words of Elizabeth Drabkina), but didn’t think of anything.
“Doctors were a deadly enemy, clumsy in manner,” wrote the Hederian prose-dissident Stefan Heim, describing the psychology of fighting for power with the simplest medical feats, which they so quietly learned to greet in totalitarian powers. - how can you defend yourself against the commission, the luminaries themselves, like you said, that the Velmishanov's patient is guilty of changing the way of life, for you it is necessary to be promoted from the right, choose a quiet life in a quiet little place; whether any protest is easily strangled; the collective, having enlisted the authority of the doctors, has to maintain discipline - everything is at the expense of your health, comrade; and then, it’s possible, and emboss a photo in a newspaper, despivchuvayuchy team out of deep sorrow, but no longer streaming laughter, surrounding a jeweler, sent to a spare kolіya and now, in a dressing gown and wearing new shoes, what if everyone fawned over him."
Why do you marvel at the fact that Lenin, without any difficulty, became a great guide to doctors, among which bachivs are now less assigned to the new guardians - the hand of the Politburo, which strangled every yoga namir?
Nastav new 1924 rec. The third day ended when the leader died. The hour of sorrow has come, that vihvalyan. Possibly, in the most different way, blaming Lenin by the writer Mark Aldanov: “Virno, half of the people “mourned” his death. It was necessary to mourn the people."
Ochіkuvannya on Yakimantsі
One of the first winter days of 1925, the fate of Oscar Vogt, who was like Berlin, took a leaf out of Moscow from the oldest Russian neurologist Lazar Minor. To that povіdomlyav, scho special komіsіya discussed the plan for the care of the brain of V.I. Lenin is open to the rest of the reach of modern science. Mav buti materially bring Lenin's genius. All the members of the commission “should ask you, pane professor, for consultations on food and, possibly, for special participation in the investigations”, as if they will be held in Moscow.
... The legacy of the brains of prominent people was roared long before the Zhovtnevoy revolution. Back in 1798, the Austrian physician Franz Josef Gall, the founder of a special science - phrenology, declared that it would be superbly to finish the brain of a genius man. On yoga thought, rozumovі zdіbnostі people without intermediary pov'yazanі z rozmіry yogo brain and navіt іz budovoi yogo skull. Like having entered Gall, the cognitive (cognitive) zdіbnostі zodiac in the anterior part of the brain, and the instincts are nested in the yogo posterior part.
Until the middle of the 19th century, phrenology became in France and the German Empire the anti-clerical and democratic opposition. Її chicks, materials used to pierce the brain with the organ of the body; її opponents - the organ of the soul. Those and others, really, agreed on one thing: “Women are less intelligent, less human, and black-haired Africans are not up to cultural development.”
In the other half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, a low period of elitist brain development, zocrema, and the brains of mathematicians Gaus and Kovalevskaya, chemist Mendeliev, and biologist Haeckel were held.
One of such contributors was Oskar Vogt (1870 - 1959). Back in 1898, the youngest and already popular doctor, having taken one of the yogo patients - steel magnate Friedrich Alfred Krupp, fell asleep at the Neurological Central Station in Berlin, de engaged in brain tumors (pіznіshe it was turned into Neurobiologist).
Until 1925, Vogt was brilliantly volodyous by the method of cytoarchitectonic examination of the brain. The essence of yoga is coming. To squirm at the thinnest of the measles brain, and under the microscope, її "architectonics" - її vertically and horizontally change: there it became the expansion of the brain cells, there the number of neurons changed. Vіd tsgogo can be deposits of intellectual zdіbnostі people and її spiritual agility.
Whereas earlier psychology was based only on subjective assessments: “reasonable” - “bad”, “talented” - “talentless”, “moral” - “malicious”, then now the architectonics of the brain gave the brain a criterion that allowed judging, like the truth what a man, how a new mind, kindness, talent are against the standard.
At the Vogt Institute in Berlin, for a long time, shukati “standards” have been slandered, surviving the brain of “exclusive specialties” - from one side, representatives of the elite, and from the other side - the marginalists and those beaten. The robots were carried out by specialist geneticists. "It's clear, we're worth only a few turns of science" - Vogt repeats without getting tired.
In Moscow, he had a twofold task before him. First of all, it’s necessary to bring that Lenin - so that the enemies would not rivet there! - Until the very death, having saved a “normal” mind, and, in a different way, that Lenin looked like normal people - he was a genius.
Vogt hesitated. We will move to Moscow without wearing yoga. “If you need my help, Vee, wisely, you can pay for support. I have a moment to complain to Semashko, the commissar for the protection of health, that sister Lenina, so that I could send you messages to Berlin, ”Otfried Foerster calmed Yogo, who also praised the yoma of the sheet.
Calm down - and Vogt step by step hooted at the idea of a future message. Win a letter to Foerster: “The most important food, no doubt, is this: what kind of peculiarity of Lenin's brain is supposed to be? Possibly, cytoarchitectonics will give some insight.
Surely, Vogt's candidacy was unanimous. Other names were called - Russian and foreign. Prote vibir buv razrobleniya on the meekness of Vogt. Chimalo shrugged off that dovirchí vіdnosiny, which folded in a new way with the Radians (Semashko, Litvinov, Gorbunov), and with the German politicians.
At the fierce fate of 1925, Vogt arrived in Moscow. At the first meeting of the commission - before it included Moscow neuropathologists L. Minor and V. Kramer, anthropologist V. Bunak, pathologist A. Abrikosov and others - Vogt and all present confirmed that it is possible to “materially obstruct the genius of Lenin”. What did the Stalinist faction in the Politburo want?
Vogt schematically describing his plans. Already in the first stages of progress, one can appreciate the peculiarities of Lenin's brain. Numerical views of the brain are compared with the views of the brains of other people, and taken data - comparisons with the psychological portrait of the yoga.
Of course, Moscow has no known preparators, building viscons, no official approval, continued Vogt. Also, Lenin's brain needs to be sent to the cordon. The rest of the word was left to the Politburo.
In Moscow, there were victors from Berlin, Cecil Vogt and the chief preparator of the Margaret Welke Institute. The stinks brought a hundred kilograms of equipment. At the nearest two rocks, it was necessary to divide the brain into tens of thousands of views of the zavtovshka close to five microns of skin and finish them under the microscope. Vogt was entrusted with the hard work of ceramics. “Professor Vogt,” the contract said, “staying in Berlin, inquire about the work break, and inform the Moscow commission, if you need a special presence in Moscow.” The term robit buv meanings. It was clear that bugatorical receipts were to be checked.
Almost їх Vogt zaproponuvav from the right pіvkuі mozku, the shards won't be less irritated by the disease. Vіn requesting the history of Lenin's illness and his biography "for the full follow-up of this individual." The protocol says that “the committee decided to hand over to Professor O. Vogt a short story about the history of V.I. Lenina and nadati yoma priyannya from the selected facts of the biography of V.I. Lenin.
For the Radyansky Union, the contract with Vogt meant a break in the front line of the brain. On the twelfth leaf fall of 1927, near Zamoskvorechye, Veliky Yakimantsy, the Institute of the Brain was opened - one of the leading scientific institutions of the SRSR. Yogo became director Vogt.
The Institute of the Brain of the State of the Powers of the Vogt Institute in Berlin. Virishen was to finish the brains of prominent people, and to build up the common brains of people of different races. Just so, having respected Vogt, it is possible to explain why the Viklikana is “culturally superior to some races” with supple minds, in which stench they live, and their anatomy.
For Vogt's bazhannyami, insulting the institutes were responsible for putting together "a single team, occupied with the solution of the very problems themselves, but spreading their work in such a way that they do not repeat її, but give one to one and I will help each other." The Moscow Institute of the Brain has a basic dossier, and the Berlin axis did not survive the war.
There, at the institute, Vogt added the first results of his work. For two and a half years, more than 30,000 brain views were prepared. “There was a clear view of the structure of Lenin's brain in the brain of transversal people. In Lenin's pyramidal clitiny, the roses were significantly stronger; the associative fibers that afflicted them were rich in numbers.” As if robing Vogt's whiskers, the "material base" of Lenin's brain appeared "significantly rich"; yogo associative building has been blamed even more highly.
Professor Vogt, the Pravda newspaper triumphed, explaining the riddle of Lenin's psyche, its genius, its ability to orient itself in complex situations and fast paced activities.
Obviously, the visnovkas were even more advanced, even though the greater number of eyes in the fabric of Lenin's brain had not yet been examined under a microscope. Vogt zmusheny buv vidavat Bazhan for diysne, oskolki all ochіkuly ochіku nіgo such a statement. Already another rіk you was told that Stalin and other leaders were counting on the new first results. Їх віні and opryudniv, adding that there may be burials in the analysis of Lenin's brain, but few people felt it. Radyansk and German newspapers from the hoards told about the pyramidal clitins.
“Tse viraz -“ pyramidal cells ”- copes with me on a deep level of damage. It is necessary to replicate the aesthetics of our modernity, strict tricks, other geometric positions with the wisdom of Ancient Egypt" - the character of the novel "Lenin's Mozok" speaks in euphoria, which should be written by the German writer Tilman Spengler.
Vogt razrazryav kіlka sharіv kіtin at the bark of the brain. One of them was a particularly large clergy, whose youngsters made up a wide net. Qi clitiny won the name "pyramid". It was important that stench is the basis of your nervous activity. The length of their windrows reached ten centimeters in an hour, so the stench could contact with far-distant clitins.
Two years later, on the 10th leaf fall of 1929, Vogt made his first official statement. At that time, the collection of the institute was filled with the brain of Lenin, thirteen more elite copies of the brain, and the brain of People's Commissar A.D. Tsyurupi, a member of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) Skvortsov-Stepanov, and inspire 39 minds of people of different nationalities. There is little evidence for the food that the human race pours into the architectonics of the brain. Vidpovid was negative. “Middle people of different nationalities didn’t have an opportunity to have measles of the brain,” wrote Semyon Sarkisov, intercessor of the director of the Institute of the Brain.
However, in that part, which was buried in Lenin's brain, there is little new to say. “At the third ball of measles ... I revealed the pyramidal cloisters of the world that I have not yet broken,” reminding Vogt. “Lenin’s brain is reminiscent of the great and numerous pyramidal cells, just like an athlete’s body is resurfacing of a dislocated musculature ... The anatomy of Lenin’s brain is such that one can be called an “associative athlete”.”
Later, Vogt actually repeated his front bells and whistles, but now the voices of the critics sounded louder. So, yogo German colleague Walter Shpilmayer predicted that in the brain of perplexed people the pyramidal clitins were also jangled. "What does it mean that the same is the norm, if it is present in one way in a brilliantly gifted person, and in another way - in a rozum-incompetent person?"
Achieved results were not satisfied with the Radyansky kerivniki. Until then political situation in the SRSR until 1930 it changed a lot. A “curtain curtain” descended on the edge. Their posts were spent by pribіchniki contacts from Zakhod - Semashko, Gorbunov, Lunacharsky, Oldenburg.
The Institute of the Brain in 1930 received transmissions from the Communist Academy - the forge of "red professors". Vogt's thoughts about reforms were not chimed in. Navpaki, yoga was given merciless criticism. So, at the beginning of 1932, A. Stetsky, a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, wrote a sheet of denunciation to Stalin, saying that Professor Vogt, not respecting the contract with him, did not go to Moscow and, in fact, did not have a yearly appointment to the Brain Institute. Natomist in his lectures, which are read at Zakhod, vіn allow yourself to be unacceptable: demonstrating diapositive fragments in Lenin's brain and porіvnyuє їх їх іz bright brain like evil-doers. Nasamkinets Stetsky, after passing Lenin’s brain on the bank to the Mausoleum, and take it as if you were with the “bourgeois professor” Vogt
“I founded the Moscow Institute of Brain Care,” Vogt wrote at the same time, “there is more and more falling under the communist influx, wanting me ... they told me that membership in the communist party is not a mother for my ancestors of the same significance. Prote behind my back, the Institute of Prostrations of the Communist Academy... Now I'm taking over the top rank of anti-religious propaganda."
And here they went under an unstoppable turn. By decision of the Politburo on April 13, 1932, the Brain Institute was renewed, and the position of its director was reserved for Vogt; Yogo intercessor buv confessions Sarkisov. As a result, the Institute of the Brain has gradually expanded. Whereas in 1929 there were six people working in the new, now there are twenty, including 6 scientists, 7 laboratory assistants and preparators, 2 photographs.
It changed now. Starting from 1932 fate, the legacy of Lenin's brain is not guessed at by the same institute templates. The nutrition of yoga genius has already been discussed publicly. Lenin in his eyes pretended to be a cult figure, "infused with genius." The new one did not lose his everyday wickedness, the cream of positive ones. How can one accurately attribute the structure of yoga to the brain? The founder of the land of atheists, having become faceless, like God - like the proletarian God-Batko.
The simple geographic relocation of Vogt from the Radyansk Union to the Nazi Nimechchina, or the bourgeois foreign country, could not help, because here Lenin looked like a “spoiler of evil”, and also, the mother’s mother’s name is also to blame.
Tim for an hour Lenin was a super-smart figure. The axis is less than a sprig of thoughts about new. “Vin repairing the worst evils and allowing the greatest pardons, following the best illusions” (A. Balabanova). "The leader of the bіshovikіv buv vіlennyam istoricheskoї obvіdpovidalnostі" (D. Volkogonov). Vіn buv “not only intelligent, modest and not tolerant of falsehood, like the authors of embellished biographies sang, but ardent, intolerant, closed, let us add a little humor and a typical philistine in private life” (Wolfgang Ruge, East Germany / Germany
In ochіkuvannі genius
On May 20, 1936, the head of the Radyansk state, Mikhailo Kalinin, added to the meeting of the Politburo about the grants to the brain of V.I. Lenina, what a trivav mayzhe twelve rokiv. Until the additional sound was added, preparations were made by the Radyansk scientists of Vogt and the signatures of Sarkisov. Vin bov richly reported for the rest of Vogt's sound, although new ideas did not appear in the new one.
Thus, it was indicated that in the frontal part of Lenin's brain (її development of bandages with oxen inclinations) there were more zvivins, lower in Lunacharsky, Mayakovsky, I. Pavlova or Zetkina. The lower part of the thyme and the skronevy parts - the stench of mine - were also brightened with zvivins, which were commemorated in the middle of the show. Lobna dilyanka borrowed from Lenin 25.5 vіdsotka of the entire surface of the brain, the same as from Mayakovsky - 23.5 vіdsotka. The selection of data made it possible to make an architectonic map of Lenin's brain. The summary was as follows: Lenin's brain has a particularly foldable relief and its own configuration is furrowed and zvivin.
However, the survivors were unique in their brains of Lenin from the brains of “superior” people, and it was unreasonable that Lenin was still anatomically more complex than the powers, lower revolutionary soldiers and sailors, who were ghouls at rallies. Maybe, qi of the number of those hundreds, who dreamed of the "clear cholo" of Illich in the "bright heads" of many comrades-in-arms, many types of inhabitants? Similar food could not fail to put unsurpassed criticism.
Zreshtoyu, the robot itself did not comply with the principles of statistics. The stench did not support the rіven rozkidu danih, the standard respiration was thin, but they lessened Lenin's brain with those brain marks, which were sacrificed to youmu for some parameters. Not for science, the stench tried to rob - do not die! - figures, and for party officials, they checked on a given note.
In an hour, Professor Vogt, from a kerіvnik, pretended to be a baiduzh companion. Since 1930, the fate of the SRSR did not fall and absolutely did not take care of the new tasks, giving Stalin a head in 1935 for the sake of the CEC of the SRSR Volodymyr Milyutin.
After the occupation of Vlad Hitler, Vogt's camp became even more complicated. Yogo's apartment was scoured, podozryuyuchi yogo at zv'yazkah іz radyansk komunіstami. Yogo phone rozmovi heard. Nareshti, they put him out of the seat of the director of the Berlin Institute. Prote vin became the director of the Moscow Institute of the Brain, and his days were little seen on the robots. Only in 1937 Vogt's fate was replaced by S.A. Sarkisiv and having tried on the director's estate until 1968.
At the same time in 1941, a large student of the Moscow Higher Technical School and the Reichsminister Alfred Rosenberg took off the transfers to the new list of the neurologist Alois Kornmüller. “At the link with tim, that the capture of Moscow at the given hour is right, I take on myself the courage to tell such a thing. The Moscow Institute of Brain has a new set of preparations for Lenin's brain. Chi do not vvazhaєte Vi ... let's order it, so that at the time of capturing Moscow, this material will be requisitioned? On the vіm, navit yakbi wehrmacht and having sacked the capital of Radyansk, the nіmtsy did not get the whole trophy: Lenin's brain was evacuated in his own time.
The unique scientific object was abandoned in the SRSR, but the results of its investigation, like before, became "a mystery behind the seals." They were told about them to the party’s scientists, about them they told their deaky colleagues, and in the other result of the experiment - unique for its retentivity, breadth and trivality - they were left classified.
Back in 1936, the fate of Sarkisov was ready to publish a sound, but the party’s ceramics blocked the ground. Nurses of the Institute of Brain continued to study in Brezhnev during the Brezhnev hours, for example, in 1967 and 1969 years, the graduation to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in 1980, the graduation to the Presidium of the Academy of Medical Sciences.
So, in 1967, the first generation of specialists in the Brain Institute - Sarkisiv, Filimonov, Popov and Chernishov - together with their young colleagues prepared the monograph “Mozok V.I. Lenin. - Cytoarchitectonic research”. For the sake of this work, it was not published ahead of Lenin's centennial anniversary. The materials of the monograph appeared as two articles more than 1993 in the collection "Successes of the Physiological Sciences". Here, in the past, the results of the work of Vogt, Sarkisov and other scientists were publicly accurate.
Tim hourly setting to cytoarchitectonics has changed a lot. Today it is already clear that the genius of a person cannot be reduced to the peculiarities of the cellular structure of the brain. It is necessary to learn how to distinguish morphological and functional images of the brain. With the help of new technologies, we are ahead of tomography, we can look at how the brain is expanding in the middle of the brain, and clearly show how the human mind is developing. The process of thought of a person, її a noticeable reaction to the podії, which you see, becomes visible in your eyes. Similar precautions to give similar results, lower morphological analysis.
The anatomy of the brain is being rethought anew.
And a relative of Lenin, becoming president of Nіmechchini
The German and Swedish roots of Lenin on the maternal line were thoroughly feathered by the work of A. Brauer, published by the “Genealogical clerk” for 1972. The fathers of Mary Oleksandrivna Ulyanova (Blank) were Germans. Її father, Oleksandr Dmitrovich Blank, resembling one of the Volinsky nіmtsіv, and mother - Hanna Grosshopf - was the daughter of a St. Petersburg merchant Johann Gottlieb Grosshopf and a Swedish mother. In the 18th century, Grosshopf's ancestors were prominent Lübeck merchants, and, as shown by the investigation, carried out by one of the Swiss historians, in the middle of the merchant's family from Lübeck, they conducted their journey and family of the recent president of Germany, Richard von Weizsäcker.
Bison and Vogt
After laying down the contract with Vogt, the Radyansk authorities sent a sprat of young scientists to Berlin. Before them, the geneticist N.V. Timofeev-Resovsky and that yoga squad. Nezabar "Zubr" cheered up at the Berlin Institute for brain work. Zavdyaki Yomu Institute becoming a mecca for geneticists in the world.
Six equals of the brain
In twenty roki, six main balls were present in the cerebral cortex. The first, upper ball was on the nerve cells. Another place is the small pyramidal clitiny. The third one was formed exclusively from the great pyramidal walls with a diameter of up to 540 microns. The fourth ball was formed from small cells. The fifth had pyramidal clitins, and the shostoma had clitins of various shapes, which was called a multiform ball.
Mozok Lenina
Not long after the death of Lenin, the order of Russia adopted a decision on the creation of a special scientific institute for the cultivation of the brain of Lenin (Scientific and recent institute of the brain of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences).
Lenin's comrades-in-arms were respectful and able to show those special features of the leader's mind, as they were appointed to his supernatural vigor. Prior to the marrowing of Lenin's brain, the best neuromorphologists of Russia were trained: G.I. Rossolimo, S. A. Sarkisov, A. I. Apricots and others. Z Nіmechchini buv inquiries vіdomy vchenii Focht and yogo pomіchniki.
Anthropologist V. V. Bunak and anatomist A. A. Deshin Zovnishnya Budova brain: features of roztashuvannya and size are furrowed, zvivin and chastok. The only thing you can see from this scrupulous description
I was informed about the goodness, without any commemoration in the form of norms of measles of the brain (intelligibly, right healthy pivkul).
The great influence of the manifestation of something extraordinary was laid by the formation of cytoarchitectonics of Lenin's brain, otherwise apparently, the formation of a number of cerebral clitins, their spherical growth, the size of the clitins, and their thinning.
In the midst of the impersonal signs of the world, which do not think, in particular, of a strict functional assessment, it is necessary to mark the goodness of the third and fifth fives (Betz's clitiny) balls of clitin. Possibly, there is a strong contrast to the extraordinary power of Lenin's brain. On the other hand, it could have been the result of compensatory development of the anatomy in part of the neurons in the left spleen.
Vrakhovuyuchi obrazheni podobzhenі morfologii ї svogo omen, Lenin's brain rose on thin zrіzi, squeezing them between two bugs. There have been close to two thousand such sights, and the stench is already over 70 years old to rest in the collections of the Institute of the Brain, checking new methods and new achievements.
Vtіm, otrimannya in the future, there were some special results in terms of morphological results, it’s important, it’s important.
The brain is a unique and invisible organ. Creations from fat-like speeches, compactly packaged in a closed empty bone, po'yazanie іz zvnіshnіm svіtom only through the eye, vuho, nis that shkіru, vіn signifies the whole essence of yoga wear: memory, zdіbnosti, emotions, non-repetitive moral drawings.
Ale Nayparadoxal, Pole in that, ShO MOSK - ShO ZBERiga Kolosalnu for the intergred INformation, being thoroughly thoroughly with an Aparas, - being dead, and also for the same to be in the hand of the doslins about their funeral it is impossible to recognize how many elements of the current EOM, how it is created, how it is in memory, how it is programmed with it, how it is a code.
The brain of a genius can be like that for his own life, like the brain of a great person. Vtim, specialists of the Institute of the Brain, as they are engaged in the cytoarchitectonics of the brain of Lenin, they take into account what is not so chi not so.
Novini
The leader of the secular proletariat, Volodymyr Lenin, died in 1924, but before death, death was tormented by myths and legends, є faceless riddles. Archives with new and official information and at once rest behind the heading "secretly", which gives rise to even more sensational indulgences.
According to the official version, in 1921, Volodymyr Illich showed obvious symptoms of a serious illness - atherosclerosis. The ailment was given as a sign on the leader's rozumovyh, movnyh and ruhovyh functions - he was tormented by nightmares, bachennya, inspired kintsivki. Until 1922, attacks became more frequent, and enlightenment became rare. Since 1923, Lenin, having moved to his dachas in the suburbs of Girki, where the doctors were watching him. The rest of the river of life Illich is practically influencing the architecture of the country. Let's have a stroke at Lenin's.
Tse official version, ale є th alternative. The deyakі doslidniki “knew” Lenin had syphilis with complications on the head brain, some of them thought that they were violating it, a third talked about a genetic illness, but a quarter had it, and also ten.
The hypothesis about the old syphilis, which rose the brain of Illich, was put forward by the Belarusians. In the 90s, at the dawn of the SRSR, this thought took away the continuation. Substituting for the hypothesis about venereal disease, having become a list of preparations, proponated to Lenin by the doctors of Russia and the Nimachechini - among them were listed the faces of syphilis.
In 1918, the leader of Lenin zdijsnila Fanny Kaplan's swing, yak wounded the leader with two sacks. Zvіdsi i take the root hypothesis about otruєnnya - nіbito kuli buli were smeared with otruth. Ale, perhaps, the organism of Volodymyr Illicha cut off lead, from which the kuli was prepared. In an hour's respite, a shadow of suspicion fell on Josip Stalin, who, with an expanded version, cut off Lenin, and then on to Nadiya Krupskaya's squad.
It seems that the father of Volodymyr Illich Lenin died around that time. Іllі Mikolayovich Ulyanov was 55 years old, if in a new trap there was a lot of blood in his brain. At the time of the death of the leaders of socialism, it was 53 years old. This fact gives an idea about the recessive nature of the disease.
After the death of Lenin, having spent his brain on the steel of the elders, they divided the organ into faceless and faceless other eyes. It can be seen that the brain of the leader was strongly affected, and the carotid artery was hardened on the flooring, that when tapped with tweezers, a sound was felt. Pochatkovy glance confirmed the diagnosis of atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain, which caused a stroke. A part of the brain was streaked, so, at its core, to talk about bacterial or viral influx on the organ. It was a little bit that a small part of Lenin’s brain was left healthy with a rosemary of hairy mountain, but there were only a few myths, even if the doctors were happy and marveled at the strength of the leader, looking adequate and functioning with such an important illness.
In their time, the Bolsheviks were choking on the science of eugenics, the main thought being the prospect of “seeing” superhumans. Volodymyr Illich can be such a superhuman, to that Yogo's brain is so resolutely twisted. But the situation was aggravated by the small expansions of Lenin's skull and the small brain. In 1925, the German scholar Oskar Vogt organized the Institute of the Brain in the USSR for sovereign pennies. Vіn spread the brain of the leader for 30 thousand shmatochkіv i three roki vivchav їх. The publication in 1927 about the genius and the uniqueness of Illich's brain (Vogt's salary was correct and chimalo) became a source of inspiration. Dali on the right was less for propaganda.
And here the naytsіkavіshe and the riddle begin. Having become the successor of the Institute of the Brain, he became the head of the brain of the Scientific Center of Neurology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, from which parts of the organs of rich Russians, such as Lenin, and Volodymyr Mayakovsky, Andriy Sakharov and others are saved. On the cob of the 90s, the Institute was declassified, but now it is again inaccessible to the vast majority, to which the share of the surplus in the brain of the great revolutionary is unknown.
This is the theory that the brain of a genius looks after its physical parameters like the brain of a great person. And in the Soviet Socialist Republic, Lenin was the most brilliant person in history. I want to hardly have the least chance to know the most genius person of all hours of that people.
It is not surprising that the Radians' veins took until the birth of Lenin's brain. The idea of creating an ideal person was popular among the first half of the last century. And who better suited the role of the ideal of the Radyansk Union, lower Lenin?
Why did Lenin die?
Lenin's brain was excised from his skull just after his death. As it appeared, the greater part of it was hostile. Later, a little bit appeared, that the little village was filled with rozmir no more than a hairy mountain, but be like a man, as you know in medicine, say, it’s impossible. The protégarians were well-wishing, like a wine in such a camp would be alive and look adequate. Adzhe vin is not guilty of such a start to come to you.
According to the version of the Kremlin doctors, the cause of death was atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain, which caused a stroke. Stan of the yoga carotid artery confirmed the second version. Vaughn was on the flooring hard, which could be tapped on it with a metal object.
Ale zruynovaniy brain talking about those that Volodymyr Illich was suffering from a heavy illness. Vlasne, it was a secret. Even before the end of 1922, the fate of the wines actually ceased to be a power and lived at its dacha in Gorki under the watchful eyes of doctors. Zvichayno, I will stop by putting a stroke, but I was eating on aphids and severe ailments.
The version, that the cause of the death of Volodymyr Illich was torn off the kulya, was released before the new Fanny Kaplan, has been expanded beyond the radian hours, simply does not show criticism. Lenin was shot at the fierce fate of 1918, and he died at the sich of 1924. Otruta either drove him in the next hour after the swing, or else, but it definitely wouldn’t have happened in six years.
Tim more, in the most severe form of the symptoms of the disease began to appear in 1921. These became the blame for the destruction of the modern, rukhovo and rozum activity. More yoga began to be seen at night by nightmarish visions.
Versions of ailments are rich, but I don’t live with them. They talked about spadkov's ailment, even though Yogo's father died of a stroke about the same century. In the midst of the great emigration, there was a version that I had been ill with syphilis and died in a state of confusion. It was also necessary to let go, that it was systematically and systematically rubbed off in small doses in order to occupy the same place as the helm of the country.
But, as it had been appointed earlier, it is practically impossible to determine the exact cause of Lenin's death today.
Rozmir may mean?
Three causes of death are clear, nothing is clear. And the axis of chi was far away for the yogo brain to know the obvious causes of genius.
What is the greater m'yazova mass of the people, Tim is the strongest. By analogy, we can admit that the bigger the brain is behind the brains, the smarter Yogo Vlasnik.
In Volodymyr Illich, the cranium was more and more modest, and the brain was smaller, lower in the average person. Ale tse zovsіm can not tell about yoga low rozumovі zdіbnostі.
Vіdomo bezlіch vipadkіv, if the brain growth of prominent people was smaller than the norm, if there were bulges and reversible fluctuations. For example, the brain of the famous French writer Anatole France, weighing close to one kilogram, is less rich, lower in Lenin, approximately like that of an average pithecanthropus. Alece didn’t force you to create your own creations, and therefore we all know the world.
Poshuki is a sign of Lenin's genius
Oskіlki vzaimozv'yazku mizh rozmіr muzyku cheloveni and її genіalnіstyu not revealed, virіshili її signs in the structure of the brain. For whom, they asked for a leading light fahivtsya from this gallery, the German professor Oskar Vogt.
For the requested foreigner, all minds were created. The Institute of the Brain took up a lot of new creations for Lenin's brain. Professor Vogt made over 30,000 views from the brain of the leader, bit by bit and in the most important details, yogo vivchiti, similar to similar images of great people. The work took place nearly three years, from 1925 to 1927. As a result, it was possible to know the details of the structure of the brain of a splendid person on the clitin level. Deyakі verstva showed up more razvinenimi, on vіdmіnu zіnshih zrazkіv.
Immediately, it was announced to the whole world that proof of Lenin's overgeniality was found. The German fahivets went to the Batkivshchyna, de becoming the mother of greater authority among colleagues, lower earlier.
And then there is another authoritative German teaching, Professor Spielrein, having reconsidered the work of his colleague, declaring that he had found signs of evidence not of genius, but of bewilderment. Vlasne, it was not surprising, even if the fates of Lenin's life remained deeply ill, often paralyzed, forcibly collapsing and speaking.
Having found out about it, the Radianian authorities blocked Professor Vogt's entry to the country and confiscated the possessions that had been lost in Moscow. The next day was continued powerful forces without going to the aid of foreign fahivtsiv. As a result, in 1936, the Politburo declared residually and categorically that Lenin's genius had been brought to light. Dopovіdі vkazuvalis that Yogo Rozumov's mіts can be equated to the work of 10 pіvkul's brain of cross people.
They blamed on that.
It is important to say that Lenin was a genius, but without a trace alone. Vin, without a doubt, with an extraordinary specialty, which left a deep trace in history.
